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MRI has become the preferred noninvasive imaging modality for the heart and great vessels. The substantial technological progress achieved in recent years has provided the user with state of the art MRI systems, but their optimal use can be limited by restricted awareness of the potential patient benefit and the necessity for teaching. This extensively illustrated volume, has been specifically compiled to meet these needs. Essential theoretical background information is provided, and imaging acquisition and potential pitfalls are considered in detail. Most importantly, structured guidelines are provided on the interpretation of clinical data in the wide range of cardiac pathology that can be encountered. Throughout, the emphasis is on the implementation of cardiac MRI in clinical practice.

Physical methods for diagnosis --- Pathology of the circulatory system --- Surgery --- MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) --- diagnostiek (geneeskunde) --- cardiologie --- hartchirurgie --- radiologie --- medische beeldvorming

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The spleen is considered ‘the forgotten organ’ among radiologists and clinicians, although it is well visualised on abdominal computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Moreover, the spleen is commonly involved in a wide range of pathologic disorders. These include congenital anomalies, infectious and inflammatory diseases, vascular disorders, benign and malignant tumours, and systemic disorders. In this review, we focus on the key imaging findings of the normal spleen, its variants, as well as relevant congenital and acquired abnormalities. It is of utmost importance to recognise and correctly interpret the variable spectrum of abnormalities that may involve the spleen, in order to avoid unnecessary invasive procedures and to guide adequate treatment.

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Clinical Cardiac MRI is a comprehensive textbook intended for everyone involved in magnetic resonance imaging of the heart. It is designed both as a useful guide for newcomers to the field and as an aid for those who routinely perform such studies. The first edition, published in 2004-5, was very well received within the cardiac imaging community, and has generally been considered the reference because of its completeness, its clarity, and the number and quality of the illustrations. Moreover, the addition of online material showing 50 real-life cases significantly enhanced the value of the book. In this second edition, the four editors, all experts in the field, have taken great care to maintain a homogeneous high quality throughout the book while incorporating the newest insights and developments in this rapidly evolving domain of medical imaging. Essential theoretical background information is included, and imaging acquisition and potential pitfalls are examined in detail. Most importantly, structured guidelines are provided on the interpretation of clinical data in the wide range of cardiac pathology that can be encountered. Finally, the selection of 100 real-life cases, added as online material, will further enhance the value of this textbook.

Physical methods for diagnosis --- Pathology of the circulatory system --- Pathology --- MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) --- pathologie --- cardiologie --- radiologie --- medische beeldvorming

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Objective: The purpose of this study is to (1) examine ventricular width evolution between preoperative, early and late postoperative findings; (2) correlate the ventricular width and volume measured with a novel artificial intelligence (AI) based tool and (3) analyze the relation between the ventricular width and the ventricle delineation or hindbrain herniation. Methods: Retrospective review of in utero magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans performed in a tertiary center of fetuses undergoing surgery for open spinal dysraphism (OSD). Only fetuses with preoperative, early postoperative (<7 days) and late postoperative MRI acquired were included. Grade of hindbrain herniation and width and lining of the lateral ventricles were longitudinally analyzed. 3D superresolution reconstruction (SRR) volumes were created. Semi-automated segmentation of the ventricular system was performed. Results: Seventeen fetuses had all necessary images for this observational study. Four patterns of ventricular lining were noted: normal, undulated, irregular or nodular. The nodular pattern was evenly distributed between the different ventricular widths and was more often found later in pregnancy. A strong correlation between the ventricular volume and atrial width was found. All had hindbrain herniation preoperatively and demonstrated some reversal at the last MRI. Overall there was a significant increase in ventricular width between the preoperative and the late postoperative evaluation. Conclusion: Different patterns of ventricular lining were described. No relation between ventricular width and lining was found. Periventricular nodular heterotopia was most often found on the late-postoperative MRI.