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Security and law against the backdrop of technological development. Few people doubt the importance of the security of a state, its society and its organizations, institutions and individuals, as an unconditional basis for personal and societal flourishing. Equally, few people would deny being concerned by the often occurring conflicts between security and other values and fundamental freedoms and rights, such as individual autonomy or privacy for example. While the search for a balance between these public values is far from new, ICT and data-driven technologies have undoubtedly given it a new impulse. These technologies have a complicated and multifarious relationship with security. This book combines theoretical discussions of the concepts at stake and case studies following the relevant developments of ICT and data-driven technologies. Part I sets the scene by considering definitions of security. Part II questions whether and, if so, to what extent the law has been able to regulate the use of ICT and data-driven technologies as a means to maintain, protect or raise security, in search of a balance between security and other public values, such as privacy and equality. Part III investigates the regulatory means that can be leveraged by the law-maker in attempts to secure products, organizations or entities in a technological and multiactor environment. Lastly, Part IV, discusses typical international and national aspects of ICT, security and the law.

veiligheid --- sécurité --- Sécurité. --- Sécurité nationale --- Cyberdéfense --- Sûreté de l'État. --- Human rights --- Droits de l'homme (Droit international) --- Internal security --- Sûreté de l'Etat --- Public safety --- Sécurité publique --- Computer security --- Sécurité informatique --- Computer networks --- Réseaux d'ordinateurs --- Law and legislation --- Droit --- Security measures --- Sécurité --- Mesures

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The beginning of this thesis introduces the strict liability regime of the Product Liability Directive and its interpretation of the notion of defects through (rather limited) case law. The Product Liability Directive states that a product is defective when it does not provide the safety that a person is entitled to expect, taking all circumstances into account. An analysis of this notion shows that it is difficult to apply it to AI systems. Therefore, this thesis also elaborates on the United States’ strict liability law to determine if the American notion of defect can better address defectiveness in AI. Special attention is given to design defect due to its different method of defect assessment, called a risk-utility test. This approach might provide more specific and practical solutions to determine defect in AI than the Product Liability Directive. In order to demonstrate the assessment of defects in AI in practice, both approaches are applied to the use case of autonomous vehicles, which are one of the most popular technologies using AI software. At the end of this research are suggested possible alternatives to the defect assessment in Product Liability Directive, including the risk-utility test.

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This book is a liber amicorum of the Centre for IT & IP Law (CiTiP). It is published on the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the Centre for Intellectual Property Rights (CIR) and the Interdisciplinary Centre for Law and ICT (ICRI) to which it is since 2014 the successor. To celebrate this jubilee, it was decided to publish a book containing contributions from former and current researchers of our centre. The book will partly reflect the topics around which CiTiP, ICRI and CIR have been and are working, but it also mirrors the professional knowledge of many of our former collaborators who are presently working in industry, in public administration or in law firms. The opinions expressed only represent the views of the authors themselves and do not necessarily correspond to those of the Centre.

Industrial and intellectual property --- Computer. Automation --- Centre for IT & IP Law [Leuven] --- intellectuele eigendom --- Propriete intellectuelle. --- propriete intellectuelle --- Propriété intellectuelle --- Propriété industrielle --- Droit des technologies de l'information et de la communication. --- informatietechnologie --- Informationstechnologie --- informaatioteknologia --- teknologjia e informacionit --- infotehnoloogia --- tecnología de la información --- tecnologia da informação --- informačná technológia --- информационна технология --- informationsteknologi --- information technology --- teknoloġija tal-informazzjoni --- informācijas tehnoloģija --- technologie de l'information --- informační technologie --- tehnologia informației --- információtechnológia --- информатичка технологија --- информациона технологија --- informationsteknik --- τεχνολογία των πληροφοριών --- technologia informacyjna --- informacinė technologija --- tecnologia dell'informazione --- informacijska tehnologija --- sidetehnoloogia --- communications technology --- teknologji komunikacioni --- Kommunikationstechnologie --- Information and communication technologies --- technologie de la communication --- výpočetní technika --- komunikačná technológia --- komunikācijas tehnoloģijas --- informacijos technologija --- tehnologia comunicațiilor --- komunikační technologie --- technique de l'information --- ryšių priemonių technologija --- телекомуникациска технологија --- επικοινωνιακή τεχνολογία --- tecnologia da comunicação --- комуникациска технологија --- viestintäteknologia --- ICT --- tecnologia delle telecomunicazioni --- tecnologia delle comunicazioni --- informační technika --- tecnología de la comunicación --- obavijesna tehnologija --- kommunikationsteknologi --- communicatietechnologie --- τεχνική των πληροφοριών --- információs technológia --- интелектуална сопственост --- geistiges Eigentum --- propriété intellectuelle --- proprietate intelectuală --- intellectual property --- intelektualna lastnina --- immateriell äganderätt --- intellektuel ejendomsret --- duševné vlastníctvo --- duševní vlastnictví --- własność intelektualna --- интелектуална својина --- propiedad intelectual --- intellektuaalomand --- intelektualno vlasništvo --- maoin intleachtúil --- intelektuālais īpašums --- proprjetà intellettwali --- intelektinė nuosavybė --- proprietà intellettuale --- pronësi intelektuale --- πνευματική ιδιοκτησία --- immateriaalioikeus --- szellemi tulajdon --- propriedade intelectual --- интелектуална собственост --- pravo intelektualnog vlasništva --- szellemi tulajdonjog oltalma --- právo na duševní vlastnictví --- droit intellectuel --- derecho de propiedad intelectual --- e drejtë e pronësisë intelektuale --- intellektuaalomandi õigus --- práva duševného vlastníctva --- авторско дело --- intellektuaalse omandi õigus --- intelektinės nuosavybės teisė --- Schutz des geistigen Eigentums --- drept intelectual --- intellektuaalne omand --- сродни права --- propriedade artística e literária --- intellectual property right --- intellectueel recht --- henkinen omaisuusoikeus --- norme sulla proprietà intellettuale --- δικαιώματα πνευματικής ιδιοκτησίας --- intelektuālā īpašuma tiesības --- szerzői jogi védelem --- права од интелектуална сопственост --- direito de propriedade intelectual --- 347.77 --- 34:681.3 --- 34:681.3 Informaticarecht --- Informaticarecht --- 347.77 Industrieel eigendomsrecht. Commercieel eigendomsrecht. Geestelijk eigendomsrecht --- Industrieel eigendomsrecht. Commercieel eigendomsrecht. Geestelijk eigendomsrecht --- Intellectual property --- Information technology --- Technologie de l'information --- Law and legislation --- Droit --- Propriété intellectuelle. --- Propriété industrielle. --- teicneolaíocht faisnéise