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This study on Flavia Julia Helena Augusta, mother of Constantine the Great, is divided into two parts. The purpose of the first part is to ascertain the facts of Helena's life on the basis of reliable historical sources. The second part deals with the legends concerning the discovery of the True Cross in Jerusalem by Helena. Fact and fiction, which are so often confused in the secondary literature, are carefully distinguished. The first part deals with subjects like Helena's life before the reign of Constantine, her residences in Trier and Rome, her conversion, her position at the court of Constantine, and her pilgrimage to the Holy Land. The second part investigates the origin, development and function of the legends of the discovery of the True Cross, which were developed in the 4th and 5th centuries: the Helena legend, the (Syriac) Protonike legend and the Judas Cyriacus legend. An appendix deals with the portraits of Helena.

Holy Cross --- Sainte Croix --- Legends --- Légendes --- Helena, --- Hélène, sainte (255-330) --- 7741 --- Helena --- -Cross --- Feast of the Cross --- Helena Saint --- Legends. --- -Legends --- Légendes --- Flavia Julia Helena, --- Helen, --- Елена, --- Elena, --- Hélène, --- Holy Cross - Legends --- Hélène, 255-330

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"This book is the first modern scholarly monograph on the emperor Jovian (363-364). It offers a new assessment of his reign and argues that Jovian's reign was of more importance than assumed by most (ancient and modern) historians. This study argues that Jovian restored the Roman empire after the failed reign of Julian by returning to the policies of Constantius II and Constantine the Great. Jovian's general strategies were directed to get the Roman empire on its feet again militarily, administratively and religiously after the failed reign of his predecessor Julian (361-363) as well as to establish more peaceful relations with the Sasanid empire. For an emperor who ruled only eight months Jovian had an unexpected and surprising afterlife. The rarely studied and largely unknown Syriac Julian Romance offers a surprising and different perspective on person and reign of Jovian. In the Romance Jovian is presented as the ideal Christian emperor and a new Constantine. But the Romance is also an important source for Roman-Persian relations and the positioning of Syriac Christianity in the late antique world of Christendom"--

Emperors --- Emperors. --- Influence (Literary, artistic, etc.). --- Jovian, --- Influence. --- Legends. --- 30 B.C.-476 A.D. --- Rome (Empire). --- Rome --- History --- Jovian

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Ammianus Marcellinus, Greek by birth but writing in Latin c. AD 390, was the last great Roman historian. His writings are an indispensable basis for our knowledge of the late Roman world. This book represents a collection of papers analysing Ammianus's writings from a variety of perspective, including Ammianus as historian of, and participant in, Julian's Persian campaign, his identification with traditional religious attitudes and values in Rome and his view of the Persian Magi. The contributors engage especially with the concept of self-identification. They address the tension of Ammianus'

Historians --- Greeks --- Emperors --- Czars (Emperors) --- Rulers --- Sovereigns --- Tsars --- Tzars --- Kings and rulers --- Ethnology --- Mediterranean race --- Historiographers --- Scholars --- History. --- Ammianus Marcellinus --- Ammien Marcellin --- Contributions in history of late Roman Empire. --- Rome --- History --- Historiography. --- Historians - Rome - Biography. --- Greeks - Rome - Biography --- Emperors - Rome - Biography - History and criticism.

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Holy Cross --- Kruisvinding. --- Syrische handschriften. --- Legende. --- Judas (Cyriakus) --- Inventio Sanctae Crucis (Cyriacus legend) --- 264-047 --- Kruisvinding. Kruisverheffing. Feesten van het kerkelijk jaar--(andere) --- 264-047 Kruisvinding. Kruisverheffing. Feesten van het kerkelijk jaar--(andere) --- Judas (Cyriakus). --- Inventio Sanctae Crucis (Cyriacus legend). --- Legends --- Holy Cross - Legends

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Historians --- Greeks --- Emperors --- Historiens --- Grecs --- Empereurs --- Biography. --- Biography --- Historiography --- Biographies --- Historiographie --- Ammianus Marcellinus --- Rome --- History --- Historiography. --- Histoire --- History and criticism. --- -Historians --- -Emperors --- -Rulers --- Sovereigns --- Heads of state --- Kings and rulers --- Monarchy --- Historiographers --- Scholars --- Ethnology --- Mediterranean race --- -History and criticism --- Ammien Marcellin --- Amiano Marcelino --- Ammiano Marcellino --- Marcellino, Ammiano --- Markelinus, Amyanus --- Amyanus Markelinus --- Marcellin, Ammien --- Marcellinus, Ammianus --- Marcelin, Amijan --- אמיאנוס מארקלינוס --- -Historiography. --- -Biography --- History and criticism --- Rulers --- Biography&delete& --- Ammianus Marcellinus. --- Czars (Emperors) --- Tsars --- Tzars --- Contributions in history of late Roman Empire --- Empire, 284-476 --- Ammianus Marcellinus - Contributions in history of late Roman Empire. --- Greeks - Rome - Biography. --- Emperors - Rome - History. --- Biography&delete&&delete& --- Ammien Marcellin (0330?-0400?) --- Critique et interprétation --- Contribution à l'historiographie --- 284-476 (Bas-Empire)