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Why do some middle-income countries diversify their economies but fail to upgrade - to produce world-class products based on local inputs and technological capacities? Why have the 'little tigers' of Southeast Asia, such as Thailand, continued to lag behind the Newly Industrializing Countries of East Asia? Richard Doner goes beyond 'political will' by emphasizing institutional capacities and political pressures: development challenges vary; upgrading poses tough challenges that require robust institutional capacities. Such strengths are political in origin. They reflect pressures, such as security threats and resource constraints, which motivate political leaders to focus on efficiency more than clientelist payoffs. Such pressures help to explain the political institutions - 'veto players' - through which leaders operate. Doner assesses this argument by analyzing Thai development historically, in three sectors (sugar, textiles, and autos) and in comparison with both weaker and stronger competitors (Philippines, Indonesia, Taiwan, Brazil, and South Korea).

Economic development --- Thailand --- Industries --- Economic policy --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Economic policy. --- Social Sciences --- Political Science --- Economic development - Thailand --- Thailand - Economic policy

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Decentralization in management --- Flexible manufacturing systems --- Industrial management --- Industrial policy --- Industries

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Rationalization and stabilization following the Asian financial crisis of the late 1990s combined with the expansion and liberalization of regional and global trade to create significant parts industries in China, Indonesia, and the Republic of Korea. Conventional policies of stabilization and liberalization, however, cannot fully explain growth patterns. Japan and Korea grew into major players before liberalizing trade and investment, while even after extensive liberalization Indonesia has yet to move from extensive to intensive growth. These anomalies suggest that to explain success in the auto parts industry we need to move beyond liberalization to look at policies and institutions promoting economies of scale, skill formation, quality upgrading, supplier-linkage cooperation, and innovation. In Japan, the regional and global leader, innovative assemblers led industrial development and supported key suppliers, but the government also supported diffusion of quality control techniques and new technology to small and medium enterprises, and encouraged stable employment among core employees. Korea remains weaker on both small and medium enterprise and employment fronts, but government-encouraged consolidation around a small number of business groups, an extended period of protection, and support for export promotion led to economies of scale. Liberalization of foreign investment after the financial crisis helped ameliorate the excessive statism of earlier policies and strengthened the parts industry. In China, liberalization for WTO entry, rapid expansion in demand, and strong support by local governments encouraged a wave of foreign investment in both assembly and parts. In contrast, institutional weaknesses continue to constrain development opportunities in Indonesia.

Auto Industry --- Auto Production --- Automobile --- Automobile Industry --- Cars --- Costs --- E-Business --- Economic Theory and Research --- Economies of Scale --- Emerging Markets --- Industry --- Investments --- Labor Policies --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Markets and Market Access --- Microfinance --- Motor Vehicle --- Motor Vehicle Exports --- Motor Vehicle Production --- Motor Vehicles --- Policies --- Private Sector Development --- Safety --- Small Scale Enterprises --- Social Protections and Labor --- Technology Industry --- Tires --- Transport --- Transport Economics, Policy and Planning --- Transportation --- Trip --- Trucks --- Vehicle --- Vehicles --- Water and Industry --- Water Resources

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This collection of essays explores the origins and roles of Southeast Asian business groups, especially as they developed during the 1970s and 1980s. An important contribution to studies of ethnic Chinese entrepreneurship in Southeast Asia. Includes a comprehensive introduction by the editor.

Capital --- Capitalists and financiers --- Capital assets --- Fixed assets --- Economics --- Capitalism --- Infrastructure (Economics) --- Wealth --- Financiers --- Investors --- Businesspeople