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The poor state of Cameroon's infrastructure is a key bottleneck to the nation's economic growth. From 2000 to 2005, improvements in information and communications technology (ICT) boosted Cameroon's growth performance by 1.26 percentage points per capita, while deficient power infrastructure held growth back by 0.28 points per capita. If Cameroon could improve its infrastructure to the level of Africa's middle-income countries, it could raise its per capita economic growth rate by about 3.3 percentage points. Cameroon has made significant progress in many aspects of infrastructure, implementing institutional reforms across a broad range of sectors with a view to attracting private-sector participation and finance, which has generally led to performance improvements. But the country still faces a number of important infrastructure challenges, including poor road quality, expensive and unreliable electricity, and a stagnating and uncompetitive ICT sector. Cameroon currently spends around USD 930 million per year on infrastructure, with USD 586 million lost to inefficiencies. Removing those inefficiencies would leave an infrastructure funding gap of USD 350 million per year. Given Cameroon's relatively strong economy and natural-resource base, as well as its success in attracting private financing, the country should be able to close that gap and meet its infrastructure goals within 13 years.

Banks & Banking Reform --- Energy Production and Transportation --- Growth performance --- Information and communications technology --- Infrastructure Economics --- Infrastructure Economics and Finance --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Per capita economic growth --- Performance improvements --- Road quality --- Town Water Supply and Sanitation --- Transport Economics Policy & Planning

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Between 2000 and 2005 infrastructure made a net contribution of less than a third of a percentage point to the improved per capita growth performance of Niger, one of the lowest contributions in Sub-Saharan Africa. Raising the country's infrastructure endowment to that of the region's middle-income countries could boost annual growth in Niger by about 4.5 percentage points. Niger has made significant progress in some areas of its infrastructure, including water and telecommunications. But the country still faces a number of important infrastructure challenges, the most pressing of which is probably in the water and sanitation sector, as 82 percent of Nigeriens still practice open defecation, the highest in the continent. Niger also faces significant challenges in the power sector, as only 8 percent of the population is electrified. Niger currently spends about USD 225 million per year on infrastructure, leaving an annual funding gap of USD 460 million even after savings from curing inefficiencies are taken into account. Niger can close that gap by tapping alternative sources of financing or by adopting lower-cost technologies. There is plenty of room for private-sector participation in Niger's infrastructure sectors, and the adoption of lower-cost technologies could reduce the funding gap by almost half.

Annual Funding Gap --- Culture & Development --- Energy Production and Transportation --- Infrastructure Economics --- Infrastructure Economics and Finance --- Infrastructure Endowment --- Lower-Cost Technologies --- Per Capita Growth Performance --- Town Water Supply and Sanitation --- Transport Economics Policy & Planning --- Water and Sanitation Sector --- Water Supply and Systems

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The poor state of Cameroon's infrastructure is a key bottleneck to the nation's economic growth. From 2000 to 2005, improvements in information and communications technology (ICT) boosted Cameroon's growth performance by 1.26 percentage points per capita, while deficient power infrastructure held growth back by 0.28 points per capita. If Cameroon could improve its infrastructure to the level of Africa's middle-income countries, it could raise its per capita economic growth rate by about 3.3 percentage points. Cameroon has made significant progress in many aspects of infrastructure, implementing institutional reforms across a broad range of sectors with a view to attracting private-sector participation and finance, which has generally led to performance improvements. But the country still faces a number of important infrastructure challenges, including poor road quality, expensive and unreliable electricity, and a stagnating and uncompetitive ICT sector. Cameroon currently spends around USD 930 million per year on infrastructure, with USD 586 million lost to inefficiencies. Removing those inefficiencies would leave an infrastructure funding gap of USD 350 million per year. Given Cameroon's relatively strong economy and natural-resource base, as well as its success in attracting private financing, the country should be able to close that gap and meet its infrastructure goals within 13 years.

Banks & Banking Reform --- Energy Production and Transportation --- Growth performance --- Information and communications technology --- Infrastructure Economics --- Infrastructure Economics and Finance --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Per capita economic growth --- Performance improvements --- Road quality --- Town Water Supply and Sanitation --- Transport Economics Policy & Planning

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This study is a product of the Africa Infrastructure Country Diagnostic (AICD), a project designed to expand the world's knowledge of physical infrastructure in Africa. The AICD provides a baseline against which future improvements in infrastructure services can be measured, making it possible to monitor the results achieved from donor support. It also offers a solid empirical foundation for prioritizing investments and designing policy reforms in Africa's infrastructure sectors. The AICD is based on an unprecedented effort to collect detailed economic and technical data on African infrastructure. The project has produced a series of original reports on public expenditure, spending needs, and sector performance in each of the main infrastructure sectors, including energy, information and communication technologies, irrigation, transport, and water and sanitation. This report presents the key AICD findings for Mozambique, allowing the country's infrastructure situation to be benchmarked against that of its African peers. Given that Mozambique is poor but stable country, two sets of African benchmarks will be used to evaluate its situation: those for non fragile Low Income Countries (LICs) and those for Middle-Income Countries (MICs). Detailed comparisons will also be made with immediate regional neighbors in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS).

Airports --- Canals --- Capital Costs --- Coal --- Cost Recovery --- Dams --- Discount Rate --- Electricity --- Energy --- Energy Production and Transportation --- Energy Supply --- Engineering --- Floods --- Gross Domestic Product --- Hydropower --- Infrastructure Economics --- Infrastructure Economics and Finance --- Infrastructure Finance --- Irrigation --- Minerals --- Mortality Rate --- Natural Resources --- Piped Water --- Population Density --- Population Growth --- Power Generation --- Power Sector --- Public Sector --- Railways --- Rainfall --- Roads --- Runoff --- Sanitation --- Surface Water --- Town Water Supply and Sanitation --- Transport --- Urban Areas --- Vehicles --- Water Supply and Sanitation --- Water Utilities

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In the last 10 years, Mozambique's economy has grown steadily at an impressive rate of 7.7 percent per year, driven by the service sector, light industry, and agriculture. This pace is expected to continue or even increase with the massive influx of already-planned investment on the order of USD 15-20 billion. Mozambique's infrastructure is well developed in some sectors, including its east-west transport infrastructure, power grid, and water and sanitation networks. But the nation still faces critical challenges in these and other areas, including developing north-south transport connections, properly managing the water system, and expanding hydroelectric generation to meet potential. Mozambique spent about USD 664 million per year on infrastructure during the late 2000s, with as much as USD 204 million lost annually to inefficiencies. Comparing spending needs with existing spending and potential efficiency gains leaves an annual funding gap of USD 822 million per year. Mozambique could reduce inefficiency losses by positioning itself as a key power exporter. The country could reach infrastructure targets in 20 years through a combination of increased finance, improved efficiency, and cost-reducing innovations.

Efficiency gains --- Energy Production and Transportation --- Hydroelectric generation --- Infrastructure Economics --- Infrastructure Economics and Finance --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Town Water Supply and Sanitation --- Transport --- Transport Economics Policy & Planning --- Water Supply and Systems --- Water system