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Psycholinguistics --- Spanish language --- Grammar --- Spaanse taal --- grammatica --- oefeningen --- oefeningen. --- grammatica.
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Oies --- Canada --- Populations
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Dynamic behavior of high speed craft is different from conventional displacement-vessels, dynamic lift leads to a reduction of the wetted surface and therefore small motions cause noticeable variations in hydrodynamic forces and moments. These excitations can induce important instabilities like broaching or parametric rolling causing serious consequences such as crew injury or important damage of the boat. This research seeks to investigate the roll behavior of a high speed craft when it is submitted to heave and pitch excitations. In order to do that, a 20° deadrise prismatic hull CFD model is carefully created by choosing the most suitable meshing techniques and solvers for a complex free surface flow. Within the development of the CFD model, it is demonstrated that computational time can be reduced for high speed crafts by employing an inviscid solver instead of turbulent models. In addition, the procedure to employ an overset mesh is presented as the most suitable technique when complex motions are involved. Afterwards, a verification study is carried out to assess in detail the successful convergence of both time step and mesh size. Once the optimum time step and mesh size are selected, the CFD model is employed to estimate the hydrodynamic coefficients for a pure roll motion. Besides, the obtained hydrodynamic coefficients are compared with experimental tests performed by Carolyn Judge in the US Naval Academy and 2D+t model approximation developed by Oscar Tascon at the University of Michigan. Even when good agreement between CFD and experiment results is reached, it is shown the complexity to successfully predict higher order hydrodynamic coefficients. Furthermore, roll response estimated by means of the reduced order model developed by Oscar Tascon and roll response predicted by CFD computation are compared for identical heave and pitch excitations. It is demonstrated that the selection of hydrodynamic coefficients influences significantly the roll response retrieved by the reduced order model. Finally, it is concluded that the reduced order model is not robust enough since it requires a very accurate prediction of the hydrodynamic coefficients which is very difficult to achieve by employing either experimental or computational methods.
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This paper estimates the scarring effect of recessions on corporates’ investment and how it is amplified by the level of corporate debt. Our results suggest that the effect of firms’ debt in shaping the response of investment to recessions is statistically significant and economically sizeable, with high debt firms seeing a larger decline in investment than low debt firms. Back-of-the-envelope calculations suggest that firms’ debt accounts for at least 28 percent of the average medium-term decline of investment following a recession. This effect is especially larger for firms that are credit constrained—small and less profitable firms, as well as firms with high share of short-term debt—and that therefore may find it more difficult to rollover or raise new funds to invest in new projects. The results are robust to several checks, including to various sub-samples, alternative measures of recessions and explanatory variables, and a large set of controls.
Macroeconomics --- Economics: General --- Public Finance --- Investment --- Capital --- Intangible Capital --- Capacity --- Business Fluctuations --- Cycles --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: Infrastructures --- Other Public Investment and Capital Stock --- Economic & financial crises & disasters --- Economics of specific sectors --- Economic growth --- Public finance & taxation --- Economic recession --- Capital spending --- Expenditure --- Currency crises --- Informal sector --- Economics --- Recessions --- Capital investments --- Portugal
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