Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Detecting residual cognitive function in disorders of consciousness (M. R. COLEMAN,  J. D. PICKARD).- Rationale for hypothalamus-deep brain stimulation in food intake disorders and obesity (N. TORRES, S. CHABARDEES, A. L. BENABID).- Gustatory and reward brain circuits in the control of food intake (A. J. OLIVEIRA-MAIA, C. D. ROBERTS, S. A. SIMON, M. A. L. NICOLELIS).- SEEG-guided RF-thermocoagulation of epileptic foci: A therapeutic alternative for drug-resistant non-operable partial epilepsies (M. GUÉNOT, J. ISNARD, H. CATENOIX, F. MAUGUIERE,  M. SINDOU).- Child abuse - some aspects for neurosurgeons (B. MADEA, M. NOEKER, I. FRANKE.- Prophylactic antibiotics and anticonvulsants in neurosurgery (B. RATILAL, C. SAMPAIO).- The dural sheath of the optic nerve: descriptive anatomy and surgical applications (P. FRANCOIS,  E. LESCANNE, S. VELUT) -Surgical indications and techniques for failed coiled aneurysms (C. RAFTOPOULOS; with the collaboration of G. VAZ).

Neuropathology --- Surgery --- neurochirurgie

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Advances: H. Duffau: Subpial dissection and subcortical mapping with vasculature and white matter pathways preservation in surgery for brain (low grade) gliomas. - F. Scholtes, G. Brook, D. Martin: Spinal cord injury and its treatment: current management and experimental perspectives. - M. Sindou, M. Messerer, J. Alvernia, G. Saint-Pierre: Percutaneous Biopsy through the Foramen Ovale for Parasellar lesions: Surgical anatomy, Method and Indications. - Technical Standards: C. Raftopoulos, F. Waterkeyn, E. Fomekong, T. Duprez: Percutaneous pedicle screw implantation with robotic intraoperative 2D/3D fluoroscopy for refractory low back pain. - I. Zemmoura, S. Velut, P. Francois:The choroidal fissure: anatomy and surgical implications. - I. Timofeev, T. Santarius, A.G. Kolias, P.J.A. Hutchinson: Decompressive craniectomy - operative technique and perioperative care. - S Fauser, J Zentner: Management of complex cortical dysplasia in epilepsy

Neuropathology --- Surgery --- neurochirurgie

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery was conceived in 1972byitsfoundingfathersJeanBrihaye,BernardPertuiset,FritzLoew ₠andHugoKrayenbuuhlatacombinedmeetingoftheItalianandGerman NeurosurgicalSocietiesinTaormina. Itwasdesignedtocomplementthe Europeanpost-graduatetrainingsystemforyoungneurosurgeonsandwas ?rst published in 1974 initially through sponsorship by the European AssociationofNeurosurgicalSocieties. Allcontributionshavebeenp- lishedinEnglishtofacilitateinternationalunderstanding. Theambitionofallsuccessiveeditorialboardshasbeentoprovidean opportunityformaturescholarshipandre?ection,notconstrainedbyar- ?ciallimitsonspace. Theseriesprovidesaremarkableaccountofprogress overthepast35years,bothwithregardtoadvances,detaileddescriptions of standard operative procedures and in- depth reviews of established knowledge. Thepresentvolumeisnoexceptionandshouldappealtoboth experiencedneurosurgeonsandyoungneurosurgeonsintrainingalike. TheEditors Contents Listofcontributors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XIII Advances Present and potential future adjuvant issues in high-grade astrocytic glioma 1,2 1 1 2 1 treatment. F. LEFRANC ,M. RYNKOWSKI,O. DEWITTE,andR. KISS, Department ofNeurosurgery,ErasmeUniversityHospital,FreeUniversityofBrussels(U. L. B. ), 2 Brussels,Belgium, LaboratoryofToxicology,InstituteofPharmacy,FreeUniversity ofBrussels(U. L. B. ),Brussels,Belgium Abstract. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Naturalresistanceofmigratingmalignantgliomacellstoapoptosis (radiotherapyandchemotherapy). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Patternsofcelldeath. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Autophagy:apotentialTrojanhorseformalignantgliomas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Therapeuticbene?tsoftemozolomide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Localtherapiesforglioblastomas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Ongoingclinicaltrialsforglioblastomas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Growthfactorreceptorinhibitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 PI3K=Akt,mTORandNF- Binhibitors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Matrixmetalloproteinase(MMP)inhibitors(MMPI). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Angiogenesistargeting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Cellularandvaccinationtherapies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Genetherapy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Reducingmalignantgliomacellmotilityinordertorestore pro-apoptoticdrugsensitivity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Thesodiumpumpconstitutesapotentialtargettocombat malignantgliomas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Thesodiumpump. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Cardiotonicsteroids:ligandsofthesodiumpump. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 VIII Contents Thesodiumpumpisinvolvedincancercellproliferation, migrationanddeath. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Braintumorstemcellsapotentialtargettocombatmalignantgliomas. . . . . . . 26 Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 ₠Deepbrainstimulationforpsychiatricdisorders-stateoftheart. T. E. SCHLA APFER and B. H. BEWERNICK, Brain Stimulation Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,UniversityHospitalBonn,GermanyandDepartmentsofPsychiatry andMentalHealth,TheJohnsHopkinsUniversity,MD,USA Abstract. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Historyofdeepbrainstimulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 PrinciplesofDBS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 NeurobiologyofdepressionandOCD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Neurobiologyofdepression. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 NeurobiologyofOCD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 StudiesofDBSandpsychiatricdisorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Problemsintargetselection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Targetsindepression. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 TargetsinOCD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 SafetyandadvantagesofDBS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 EthicalaspectsandstandardsinDBS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Ethicalconsiderations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 ThepathtowardsmandatorystandardsforDBSinpsychiatricdisorders. . . . . . . . 52 Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 ThefutureofDBS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Standards High?owextracranialtointracranialvascularbypassprocedureforgiantan- rysms:indications,surgicaltechnique,complicationsandoutcome. H. C. PATEL and P. J. KIRKPATRICK, Department of Academic Neurosurgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital,UniversityofCambridge,Cambridge,UK Abstract. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Surgicaltechnique. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Cranialexposure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Cervicalexposure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Saphenousveinexposure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Preauriculartunnel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Contents IX Anastamoses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Distalanastamosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Externalcarotidanastamosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Closureandpostoperativecare. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Discussion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Comparisonofoutcomes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Choosingthetypeofgraft. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Longtermpatencyofgrafts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Ischaemiccomplications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Anticoagulationrelatedmorbidity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Radiotherapy. Isotope therapy --- Neuropathology --- Surgery --- neurologie --- farmacologie --- hersenen --- neurochirurgie --- radiologie

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

AsanadditiontotheEuropeanpostgraduatetrainingsystemforyoung neurosurgeons, we began to publish in 1974 this series of Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery which was later sponsored by the EuropeanAssociationofNeurosurgicalSocieties. Thisseries was ?rst discussedin 1972at acombined meeting of the Italian and German Neurosurgical Societies in Taormina, the founding fathersoftheseriesbeingJeanBrihaye,BernardPertuiset,FritzLoewand HugoKrayenbuhl. ThuswereestablishedtheprinciplesofEuropean- operationwhichhavebeenbornfromtheEuropeanspirit,?ourishedin theEuropeanAssociation,andhavebeenassociatedthroughoutwiththis series. ThefactthattheEnglishlanguageisnowtheinternationalmediumfor communicationatEuropeanscienti?cconferencesisagreatassetinterms ofmutualunderstanding. Thereforewehavedecidedtopublishallcont- butionsinEnglish,regardlessofthenativelanguageoftheauthors. All contributions are submitted to the entire editorial board before publicationofanyvolumeforscrutinyandsuggestionsforrevision. Ourseriesisnotintendedtocompetewiththepublicationsoforiginal scienti?cpapersinotherneurosurgicaljournals. Ourintentionis,rather,to present?eldsofneurosurgeryandrelatedareasinwhichimportantrecent advanceshavebeenmade. Thecontributionsarewrittenbyspecialistsin thegiven?eldsandconstitutethe?rstpartofeachvolume. Inthesecondpartofeachvolume,wepublishdetaileddescriptionsof standardoperativeproceduresandindepthreviewsofestablishedkno- edge in all aspects of neurosurgery, furnished by experienced clinicians. This part is intended primarily to assist young neurosurgeons in their postgraduatetraining. However,weareconvincedthatitwillalsobeu- fultoexperienced,fullytrainedneurosurgeons. We hope therefore that surgeons not only in Europe, but also throughouttheworld,willpro?tbythisseriesofAdvancesandTechnical StandardsinNeurosurgery. TheEditors Contents Listofcontributors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XIII Advances Brainplasticityandtumors. H. DUFFAU,DepartmentofNeurosurgery,HoopitalGui de Chauliac, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier Cedex, France and Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurosciences Cognitives (CNRS FRE 2987=Universite de Paris V ReneDescartes),InstitutdePsychologie,BoulogneBillancourt,France Abstract. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Cerebralplasticity:fundamentalconsiderations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 De?nitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Pathophysiologicalmechanismssubservingcerebralplasticity . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Naturalplasticityinhumans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Plasticityinacutebrainlesions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Post-lesionalsensorimotorplasticity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Post-lesionallanguageplasticity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Plasticityinslow-growingbraintumors:theexempleoflow-gradeglioma. . . . . . 9 FunctionalreorganizationinducedbyLGG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 FunctionalreorganizationinducedbyLGGresection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Methodologicalconsiderations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Intra-operativeplasticity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Post-operativeplasticity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 TherapeuticalimplicationsinLGG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 ImprovementofthefunctionalandoncologicalresultsofLGGsurgery . . . 21 Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Perspectives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 VIII Contents Tumor-biologyandcurrenttreatmentofskull-basechordomas. M. N. PAMIRand ₠K. OZDUMAN,MarmaraUniversityFacultyofMedicine,DepartmentofNeurosurgery, MarmaraUniversityInstituteofNeurologicalSciences,Istanbul,Turkey Abstract. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 De?nition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Pathogenesis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Geneticsandmolecularbiology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Familialchordomas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Telomeremaintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Genomewidestudiesandgenomicintegrity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Cellcyclecontrol. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Tumorsuppressorgenes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Oncogeneactivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Experimentalmodelsofchordoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Pathology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Localinvasion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Metastasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Intraopertativediagnosisandcytology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Incidence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Clinicalmanifestationsandnaturalcourseofdisease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Diagnosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Neuroradiologyofchordomas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 MRIandCTcorrelatesofpathological?ndings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Osseousinvasion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Therearenocharacteristicradiological?ndingsofchordoma subtypes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Tumorsizeandextent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Differentialdiagnosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Classi?cationschemes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Earlyandlatepostoperativeimaging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Intraoperativeimaging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Radiotherapy. Isotope therapy --- Neuropathology --- Surgery --- neurologie --- farmacologie --- hersenen --- neurochirurgie --- radiologie

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Radiotherapy. Isotope therapy --- Neuropathology --- Surgery --- neurologie --- farmacologie --- hersenen --- neurochirurgie --- radiologie