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The study analyses the mechanisms for interaction between public institutions and NGOs in supporting four vulnerable groups: persons deprived of their liberty, victims of trafficking in human beings, domestic violence survivors, and persons seeking international protection and other vulnerable foreigner nationals. Furthermore, it identifies trends in the cooperation between institutions and NGOs in assisting these communities. The report sums up the profile of the bodies and organisations involved and identifies problems in their interaction. Instruments for cooperation between public institutions and NGOs in relation to each vulnerable group are reviewed in detail, both on legislative and practical level. Correlations between identified problems and aspects of the interaction between public institutions and NGOs that could help resolve these problems are highlighted. In conclusion, recommendations are made to involve civil society in providing comprehensive support, in particular legal, social and administrative assistance, to vulnerable persons. These recommendations rest on the shared experience and opinions by public authorities and civil society, as well as on applicable foreign models and good practices.

Sustainable development --- Environmental policy --- Economic aspects

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International organisations, national governments and human rights NGOs exercise various types of monitoring of the penitentiary systems. In order to quantify their results, there are some generally accepted indicators (such as the number of inmates per 100.000 citizens), but in many specific areas like healthcare, employment, security and safety, such indicators have never been applied. Therefore, those monitoring efforts will substantially benefit from an instrument capable of supplying comparable and easy-to-use data on the situation in prisons. To address this need, the Center for the Study of Democracy, in cooperation with the Dortmund University of Applied Sciences and Arts, the Observatory on the Penal System and Human Rights with the University of Barcelona, the Law Institute of Lithuania and Association Droit au Droit, developed a Prison Conditions Monitoring Index (PCMI) – a system of indicators translating into comparable figures the situation in different prisons. In the end of 2014, the PCMI was piloted in several prisons in Bulgaria, Germany and Lithuania to test its operability and analyse the potential use of the results it generates. The present report elaborates on the methodology underlying the PCMI and offers a summary of the results of its pilot implementation. It is intended for a broad audience of readers including policy makers, prison staff, lawyers, social workers, academics and NGOs interested in the topic of prison monitoring.

Methodology --- History.

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This new edition includes brand-new developments in the modeling of processes in the column apparatuses. It analyzes the radial velocity component and axial variation in the axial velocity in the column. These models are described in five new chapters. The book presents models of chemical and interphase mass transfer processes in industrial column apparatuses, using convection-diffusion and average-concentration models. It also introduces average concentration models for quantitative analysis, which use the average values of the velocity and concentration over the cross-sectional area of the column. The new models are used to analyze a broad range of processes (simple and complex chemical reactions, physical and chemical absorption, physical and chemical adsorption, catalytic reactions in the cases of physical and chemical adsorption mechanism), and make it possible to model sulfur dioxide gas purification processes.

Mass transfer --- Chemical engineering --- Mathematical models. --- Equipment and supplies. --- Engineering. --- Chemical engineering. --- Fluids. --- Thermodynamics. --- Heat engineering. --- Heat transfer. --- Mass transfer. --- Fluid mechanics. --- Engineering Thermodynamics, Heat and Mass Transfer. --- Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering. --- Fluid- and Aerodynamics. --- Engineering Fluid Dynamics. --- Apparatus and supplies --- Hydraulic engineering. --- Engineering, Hydraulic --- Engineering --- Fluid mechanics --- Hydraulics --- Shore protection --- Chemistry, Industrial --- Engineering, Chemical --- Industrial chemistry --- Chemistry, Technical --- Metallurgy --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Hydromechanics --- Continuum mechanics --- Mechanics --- Physics --- Hydrostatics --- Permeability --- Mass transport (Physics) --- Thermodynamics --- Transport theory --- Heat transfer --- Thermal transfer --- Transmission of heat --- Energy transfer --- Heat --- Mechanical engineering --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Dynamics --- Heat-engines --- Quantum theory

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This new edition includes brand-new developments in the modeling of processes in the column apparatuses. It analyzes the radial velocity component and axial variation in the axial velocity in the column. These models are described in five new chapters. The book presents models of chemical and interphase mass transfer processes in industrial column apparatuses, using convection-diffusion and average-concentration models. It also introduces average concentration models for quantitative analysis, which use the average values of the velocity and concentration over the cross-sectional area of the column. The new models are used to analyze a broad range of processes (simple and complex chemical reactions, physical and chemical absorption, physical and chemical adsorption, catalytic reactions in the cases of physical and chemical adsorption mechanism), and make it possible to model sulfur dioxide gas purification processes.

Fluid mechanics --- Thermodynamics --- Mechanical properties of solids --- Hydraulic energy --- Applied physical engineering --- Engineering sciences. Technology --- Chemical technology --- vloeistofstroming --- thermodynamica --- aerodynamica --- BIT (biochemische ingenieurstechnieken) --- ingenieurswetenschappen --- chemische technologie --- hydraulica --- vloeistoffen --- warmteoverdracht