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This comprehensive project has the objective of describing and assessing pronunciation talent with special focus on its psychological and neural correlates. The first part of this undertaking describes the extensive tests necessary to measure phonetic talent in its various dimensions, such as production and perception, the segmental and suprasegmental levels of speech, and different utterance forms such as spontaneous speech, reading and imitation. Subjects are examined in their native language (German), a familiar second language (English) and, to a lesser degree, an unfamiliar language (Hindi). The project also investigates psychological and behavioral influences such as empathy or motivation on pronunciation performance, as well as correlations with general linguistic aptitude. The described measures and correlations allow a reliable classification of proficiency and talent level to be used in the selection of subjects for the neuroimaging studies in the second part of the project. These use functional magnetic resonance imaging in order to observe differences in brain activity between talented and untalented individuals during the performance of phonetic tasks (perception of phonetic differences, imitation, reading).

Psycholinguistics --- Phonetics --- Neurolinguistics. --- Phonetics. --- Second language acquisition --- Physiological aspects. --- Second language acquisition --Physiological aspects. --- Neurolinguistics --- Philology & Linguistics --- Languages & Literatures --- Physiological aspects --- Articulatory phonetics --- Orthoepy --- Phonology --- Linguistics --- Speech --- Neuro-linguistics --- Biolinguistics --- Higher nervous activity --- Neuropsychology --- Second language learning --- Language acquisition --- Language Acquisition. --- Language Talent.

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The present volume contains a selection of the papers and commentaries which were originally presented at the Tenth Conference of Laboratory Phonology (LabPhon10) held in Paris from June 29 to July 1, 2006. The theme of the volume is Variation, Phonetic Detail and Phonological Representation. It brings together specialists of different fields of speech research with the goal to discuss the relevance of patterns of variation and phonetic details on phonological representations and theories. The topic is addressed from the angles of speech production, perception, acquisition, speech disorders, and language universals. The contributions are grouped thematically in five sections, each of which is commented by invited discussants. Section I contains the contributions to the special '10th anniversary session' of the conference which represent in a prototypical way some of the different research questions that have been at the core of important debates over the last 20 years in the laboratory phonology community. Issues of phonological universals and language typology are addressed in section II. In section III, the notions of variation and phonetic detail are examined with regard to how they are acquired and dealt with in the formation of phonological representation in emerging systems. Section IV focuses on recent work at the crossroad between normal and disordered speech.

Grammar, Comparative and general --- Linguistic change --- Phonology --- Historical linguistics --- Language and languages --- Linguistics --- Philology --- Fonologia --- Canvi lingüístic --- Canvi (Lingüística) --- Evolució lingüística --- Lingüística històrica --- Variació (Lingüística) --- Lingüística --- Consonants --- Neutralització (Lingüística) --- Teoria de l'optimitat (Lingüística) --- Trets distintius (Lingüística) --- Vocals --- Phonetics. --- Phonology. --- Variation.