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Although the main focus of this book is on the estuaries, its scope goes well beyond this particular coastal feature. Indeed, the estuary can only be considered as part of the life cycle of the entire river and the marine area it feeds into: an area particularly subject to human and natural pressures. The main estuaries and deltas of West and Central Africa region provide a variety of goods and services to its coastal population. The most important of them are related to critical fish habitat, wood and charcoal from mangroves, as well as space for agriculture, aquaculture, urban development, tourism and transport. Particular emphasis has been made in this book on mangroves that play a significant role in terms of flood control, groundwater replenishment, coastline stabilization and protection against storms. They also retain sediments and nutrients, purify water, and provide critical carbon storage. Such hydrological and ecological functions explain the focus on serving mangrove ecosystems and the nearby communities, which draw significant income from fishing, rice production, tourism, salt extraction and other activities such as harvesting honey and medicinal plants, hence the need for preserving mangrove ecosystems to ensure sustainability of the estuaries and deltas of West and Central Africa region. The book has a foreword by Mr. Achim Steiner, United Nations Under-Secretary General and Executive Director of UNEP who is stating that credible and up-to-date information is essential for the public at large but more specifically for scientists, researchers, managers, decision-makers all working together in order to safeguard, protect and sustainably manage estuaries, deltas and lagoons, and the coastal and ocean waters of Western and Central Africa.

Estuaries --- Estuarine ecology --- Brackish water ecology --- Branching bays --- Drowned river mouths --- Firths --- River estuaries --- Coasts --- Rivers --- Ecology --- Environmental management. --- Marine Sciences. --- Nature Conservation. --- Environmental Management. --- Marine & Freshwater Sciences. --- Conservation of nature --- Nature --- Nature protection --- Protection of nature --- Conservation of natural resources --- Applied ecology --- Conservation biology --- Endangered ecosystems --- Natural areas --- Ocean sciences --- Aquatic sciences --- Environmental stewardship --- Stewardship, Environmental --- Environmental sciences --- Management --- Conservation --- Marine sciences. --- Freshwater. --- Nature conservation. --- Fresh waters --- Freshwater --- Freshwaters --- Inland water --- Inland waters --- Water

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This book dedicated to “Climate Change and Water Resources in Africa” sets out the many challenges and implications of climatic change for freshwater resources in Africa, including its rivers, lakes and aquifers. Under the influence of a range of human factors, the status of water resources in Africa has been changing for decades, transpiring in changes in water flow and variability, falling groundwater levels, changes in rainfall levels and timing, as well as overall decreasing water quality. Indeed, change is not new in this context. Climate change, however, will strongly accelerate the rate of change, affecting the ability of people and societies to respond in a timely manner to address their own needs. With this in mind, this book has been dedicated to providing a deeper analysis of the effects of climate change on water resources in some of the most vulnerable areas in Africa, including the approaches that may help reduce or mitigate the impacts of climate change. In this regard, while there is no quick fix to the pressures imposed on water resources by climate change, it is clear that increasing the resilience of ecosystems and communities to extreme events such as flooding and drought, and integrating climate change risks and opportunities into development decision making, will be key. It is also important that wealthier countries as well as major current GHG-emitting countries assume responsibility for their historic GHG emissions and support those countries that are most impacted by those emissions to adapt to such impacts, while reducing their own carbon footprints. As a whole, this book intends to contribute to the debate around climate change in relation to water resources management in the African continent, and in particular inform policy decisions and actions that will improve governments’ and communities’ ability to manage the challenges of climate change and variability in relation to the aquatic ecosystems upon which they depend.

Water pollution. --- Sustainable development. --- Environmental management. --- Climate change. --- Waste Water Technology / Water Pollution Control / Water Management / Aquatic Pollution. --- Sustainable Development. --- Water Policy/Water Governance/Water Management. --- Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts. --- Changes, Climatic --- Changes in climate --- Climate change --- Climate change science --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic changes --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Climatology --- Climate change mitigation --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Environmental stewardship --- Stewardship, Environmental --- Environmental sciences --- Management --- Development, Sustainable --- Ecologically sustainable development --- Economic development, Sustainable --- Economic sustainability --- ESD (Ecologically sustainable development) --- Smart growth --- Sustainable development --- Sustainable economic development --- Economic development --- Aquatic pollution --- Fresh water --- Fresh water pollution --- Freshwater pollution --- Inland water pollution --- Lake pollution --- Lakes --- Reservoirs --- River pollution --- Rivers --- Stream pollution --- Water contamination --- Water pollutants --- Water pollution --- Pollution --- Waste disposal in rivers, lakes, etc. --- Environmental aspects --- Water-supply --- Availability, Water --- Water availability --- Water resources --- Natural resources --- Public utilities --- Water resources development --- Water utilities

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This book provides recent environmental, ecological and hydrodynamic information for the major estuaries and the coastal marine systems of the Western Indian Ocean Region. It covers various functions and values of the region’s estuarine ecosystems and their respective habitats, including the land/ocean interactions that define and impact ecosystem services. The Western Indian Ocean region covered by this volume consists of the continental coastal states of Kenya, Mozambique, South Africa and Tanzania and the island states of Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles and Comoros.

Nature protection --- Hydrobiology --- General ecology and biosociology --- Animal ethology and ecology. Sociobiology --- Water supply. Water treatment. Water pollution --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- Hunting. Fishery. Aquaculture --- Hydraulic engineering --- zoet water --- environment --- kustbescherming --- aquacultuur --- hydrobiologie --- water --- waterverontreiniging --- ecologie --- wetenschappen --- natuurbescherming --- zeeën --- kusten --- waterbeheer --- oceanografie --- milieubescherming --- Oceans. Seas. Sea Link

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Hydrosphere --- Meteorology. Climatology --- Water supply. Water treatment. Water pollution --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- hydrologie --- water --- klimatologie --- bindingen (chemie)