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The poles undergo climate changes exceeding those in the rest of the world in terms of their speed and extent, and have a key role in modulating the climate of the Earth. Ecosystems adapted to polar environments are likely to become vulnerable to climate changes. Their responses allow us to analyse and foresee the impact of changes at lower latitudes. We need to increase our knowledge of the polar marine fauna of continental shelves, slopes and deep sea, as identifying the responses of species and communities is crucial to establishing efficient strategies against threats to biodiversity, using international and cross-disciplinary approaches. The IPY 2007-2009 was a scientific milestone. The outstanding contribution of Marine Biology is reflected in this volume and the next one on “Adaptation and Evolution in Marine Environments – The Impacts of Global Change on Biodiversity” from the series “From Pole to Pole”, making these volumes a unique and invaluable component of the scientific outcome of the IPY.

Biodiversity. --- Ecology. --- Environmental sciences. --- Life sciences. --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Environmental Sciences --- Marine Science --- Biodiversity --- Marine biodiversity conservation. --- Climatic factors. --- Conservation of marine biodiversity --- Marine biodiversity --- Marine biological diversity conservation --- Conservation --- Effect of climate on --- Effect of climatic changes on --- Environment. --- Climate change. --- Geobiology. --- Evolutionary biology. --- Environmental Monitoring/Analysis. --- Biogeosciences. --- Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts. --- Evolutionary Biology. --- Aquatic biodiversity conservation --- Marine resources conservation --- Bioclimatology --- Climatic changes --- Evolution (Biology). --- Monitoring/Environmental Analysis. --- Biological diversification --- Biological diversity --- Biotic diversity --- Diversification, Biological --- Diversity, Biological --- Biology --- Biocomplexity --- Ecological heterogeneity --- Numbers of species --- Balance of nature --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology --- Animal evolution --- Animals --- Biological evolution --- Darwinism --- Evolutionary biology --- Evolutionary science --- Origin of species --- Evolution --- Biological fitness --- Homoplasy --- Natural selection --- Phylogeny --- Ecology --- Environmental monitoring. --- Ecology . --- Changes, Climatic --- Changes in climate --- Climate change --- Climate change science --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Climatology --- Climate change mitigation --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Earth sciences --- Biosphere --- Biomonitoring (Ecology) --- Ecological monitoring --- Environmental quality --- Monitoring, Environmental --- Applied ecology --- Environmental engineering --- Pollution --- Environmental aspects --- Measurement --- Monitoring --- Global environmental change

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The second volume of "Adaptation and Evolution in Marine Environments - The Impacts of Global Change on Biodiversity" from the series "From Pole to Pole" integrates the marine biology contribution of the first tome to the IPY 2007-2009, presenting overviews of organisms (from bacteria and ciliates to higher vertebrates) thriving on polar continental shelves, slopes and deep sea. The speed and extent of warming in the Arctic and in regions of Antarctica (the Peninsula, at the present ) are greater than elsewhere. Changes impact several parameters, in particular the extent of sea ice; organisms, ecosystems and communities that became finely adapted to increasing cold in the course of millions of years are now becoming vulnerable, and biodiversity is threatened. Investigating evolutionary adaptations helps to foresee the impact of changes in temperate areas, highlighting the invaluable contribution of polar marine research to present and future outcomes of the IPY in the Earth system scenario.

Meteorology. Climatology --- Biogeography --- Evolution. Phylogeny --- General ecology and biosociology --- Biology --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- biodiversiteit --- milieukunde --- biogeografie --- biologie --- milieu --- ecologie --- Europees recht --- evolutieleer --- milieutechnologie --- klimaatverandering --- Biodiversity --- Biotic communities --- Climatic changes --- Marine animals --- Marine ecology --- Adaptation (Biology) --- Evolution (Biology) --- Climatic factors --- Environmental aspects --- Adaptation --- EPUB-LIV-FT LIVECOLO LIVTERRE SPRINGER-B

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Marine fishes --- Congresses

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Following their own brilliant careers in haeme protein research, the outstanding scientists Jonathan and Beatrice Wittenberg continue to provide inspiration to the research community in the study of oxygen-binding proteins. Their research has provided the intellectual stimulus to bring together scientists from all over the world with the common goal of developing fascinating new ideas and performing innovative experiments. This book is dedicated to Jonathan’s and Bea’s lifetime careers. It further illuminates the facts and ideas which dot the paths they traced in Biochemistry and Physiology, elaborating on how these landmark achievements were made and how the haeme proteins community still refers to them. With the field of haeme protein science such a flourishing area, the contributors to this book predict Jonathan and Bea, having played such a seminal role, will continue to be key figures for quite some time to come. Praise for the Wittenbergs and their lasting contributions to research: "Oxygen: a two-atom molecule, but what a wealth of chemistry, and what implications for life! I was always convinced that the deep roots of such a simple statement have constantly inspired the seminal work of the Wittenbergs on the mechanisms of oxygen diffusion and on the varied cellular roles of dozens of different haeme proteins." (Martino Bolognesi) "All of us who study oxygen transport and all who value good science are in their debt." (Ken van Holde) "Beatrice and Jonathan Wittenberg have inspired generations of scientists to explore the mysteries of haeme proteins. Their papers…prompted discussions… in the 1970s and led to investigations on numerous invertebrate myoglobins and haemoglobins…" (Nora Terwilliger) "I was one of many PhD students in the late 1980s who were weaned on the seminal work by the Wittenbergs on myoglobin-facilitated oxygen diffusion. Before reading that article, myoglobin and oxygen diffusion was a mystery to me. With their work, biochemistry and physiology became a dynamic presence in my life." (Cinzia Verde).

Hemoglobin. --- Oxygen --- Physiological transport. --- Delivery of oxygen (Physiology) --- Oxygen delivery (Physiology) --- Oxygen transport (Physiology) --- Hemoglobins --- Hemoglobulin --- Blood --- Blood proteins --- Erythrocytes --- Hemoproteins --- Pigments --- Biochemistry. --- Life sciences. --- Evolution (Biology). --- Microbiology. --- Cytology. --- Protein Science. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Life Sciences, general. --- Evolutionary Biology. --- Cell Biology. --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Biology --- Cells --- Cytologists --- Microbial biology --- Microorganisms --- Animal evolution --- Animals --- Biological evolution --- Darwinism --- Evolutionary biology --- Evolutionary science --- Origin of species --- Evolution --- Biological fitness --- Homoplasy --- Natural selection --- Phylogeny --- Biosciences --- Sciences, Life --- Science --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Composition --- Proteins . --- Evolutionary biology. --- Cell biology. --- Proteids --- Biomolecules --- Polypeptides --- Proteomics

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