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The idea of the body as a mirror of the soul has fascinated mankind throughout history. Being able to see through an individual, and drawing conclusions on their character solely based on a selection of external features, is the subject of physiognomy, and has a long tradition running well into recent times. However, the pre-modern, especially medieval background of this discipline has remained underexplored. The selected case studies in this volume each contribute to a better understanding of the history of physiognomy from antiquity to the Renaissance, and offer discussions on unedited treatises and on the application, development, and reception of this field of knowledge, as well as on visual sources inspired by physiognomic theory.

Physiognomy --- Soul. --- Mind and body. --- History

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The idea of the body as a mirror of the soul has fascinated mankind throughout history. Being able to see through an individual, and drawing conclusions on their character solely based on a selection of external features, is the subject of physiognomy, and has a long tradition running well into recent times. However, the pre-modern, especially medieval background of this discipline has remained underexplored. The selected case studies in this volume each contribute to a better understanding of the history of physiognomy from antiquity to the Renaissance, and offer discussions on unedited treatises and on the application, development, and reception of this field of knowledge, as well as on visual sources inspired by physiognomic theory.

159.923 --- 159.9 <09> --- 159.9 <09> Psychologie--Geschiedenis van ... --- 159.9 <09> Psychologie: zie ook: Psychiatrie: n-{616.89-008} en n-{615.851}--Geschiedenis van ... --- Psychologie--Geschiedenis van ... --- Psychologie: zie ook: Psychiatrie: n-{616.89-008} en n-{615.851}--Geschiedenis van ... --- 159.923 Persoonlijkheid. Identiteit --- Persoonlijkheid. Identiteit --- Psychologie: zie ook: Psychiatrie: n-{616.89-008} en n-{615.851}--Geschiedenis van .. --- Psychologie: zie ook: Psychiatrie: n-{616.89-008} en n-{615.851}--Geschiedenis van . --- Philosophical anthropology --- Depth psychology --- Religious studies --- Physiognomy --- Morphopsychologie --- Âme --- Homme (théologie) --- Corps humain --- History --- Histoire. --- Psychologie: zie ook: Psychiatrie: n-{616.89-008} en n-{615.851}--Geschiedenis van --- Âme --- Homme (théologie)

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Physiognomy --- Physiognomonica

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Living and dying are essential concepts in Aristotelian natural philosophy and psychology. It is then no surprise that when the libri naturales were translated into Latin from the twelfth century onwards, this gave birth to an extensive interpretative tradition in the Latin West in which life and death as conceived by Aristotle were theorized and reflected upon, for example in the numerous commentaries of the De Anima but also of the Parva Naturalia. Yet the medieval inquiry into living and dying is not limited to natural philosophy nor the Aristotelian tradition but can also be found in ethics, metaphysics, theology, medicine and others domains.  Many topics are addressed in the volume: radical moisture and the possibility of increasing lifespan, suicide, essence of life, contrast between life of the body and life of the soul, future life, and so on. The volume is also a hommage to Pieter De Leemans, an eminent specialist of the Latin translations of Aristotle’s books on natural philosophy, who was the intitiator of this scientific project.

Philosophical anthropology --- History of philosophy --- anno 500-1499 --- Philosophy, Medieval --- Christian ethics

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This Master’s thesis focuses on pseudo-Aristotelian Problemata physica and its reception in the Middle Ages. To provide the basic background, the first part of the thesis discusses this Greek pseudo-Aristotelian treatise which comprises 38 sections centring around diverse subjects related to philosophy, physiognomy, anatomy, physics, medicine, zoology, and natural philosophy. Among those, I chose Section XXVIII which discusses temperance and intemperance, continence and incontinence. Pseudo-Aristotelian Problemata first entered the Latin West of the Middle Ages through the translation of David of Dinant made around 1200. However, since it is only fragmentary preserved and it is not even clear whether it covered the translation of the entire Problemata, the prominent translation was that of Bartholomew of Messina, made around 1258 and 1266. Of Bartholomew of Messina’s translation there are extant more than 60 manuscripts. Previous research into the manuscript tradition pointed to the twelve manuscripts that are representative of the entire tradition which I embraced and after a full collation provided a codicological stemma and a critical edition with an exhaustive critical apparatus. Since Bartholomew of Messina deployed what is known as verbum de verbo method of translation, his Latin wording renders the content of the text fairly obscure and incomprehensible. It was probably mostly due to this reason that the need for commentaries on such translations arose. For the Problemata this task was undertaken by a physician and professor at the University of Padua and Paris, Peter of Abano (c. 1250–c. 1316), who devised the Expositio Problematum Aristotelis between 1300 and 1310. In his work, Peter of Abano concentrates on Problemata mostly from the perspective of medicine and physiognomy, albeit in a very theoretical manner. There are nineteen extant manuscripts of Peter of Abano's Expositio that render a complete version of the text. However, only nine manuscripts contain the Expositio as written by Peter of Abano, whereas the other ten manuscripts consist of a revision of the Expositio made by Jean of Jandun. Since the extensive study on Jean of Jandun’s redaction was already conducted, I only centred on the authentic text of Peter of Abano. After the exhaustive collation, a stemma codicum is again provided, followed by the critical edition.