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This paper revisits the decades-old puzzle of the inverse plot-size productivity relationship, which states that land productivity decreases as plot size increases. Existing empirical studies on the inverse plot-size productivity relationship define land productivity or yields as self-reported production divided by plot size. This paper considers an alternative approach to estimating yields based on crop cuts. The crop-cut method entails measuring and harvesting randomly selected subplots by trained technicians, and is recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization for the accurate measurement of crop production. Using data representative of rural Ethiopia, the analysis indicates that the inverse relationship is strong when based on self-reported production, but disappears when based on crop-cut estimates. The inference from these findings is that the inverse relationship is an artifact of systematic overreporting of production by farmers on small plots, and underreporting on larger plots. The paper also discusses how rejecting the inverse plot-size productivity relationship has significant implications for the inverse farm-size productivity relationship.
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Individual-level employment data have a wide range of applications. They are used to monitor labor markets and the Sustainable Development Goals, contribute to understanding and explaining socioeconomic conditions, and may help to design and inform labor market policies. This paper is relevant for academics and policy makers who want to understand the main survey design issues behind the collection of individual-level employment data in nationally representative household surveys and the implications for data quality, particularly for women and young people. The paper reviews four survey programs (Living Standards Measurement Study, Living Standards Measurement Study-Integrated Surveys on Agriculture, Labor Force Surveys, and Demographic and Health Surveys) in 14 developing countries. First, the paper reviews the Sustainable Development Goals to identify a core set of labor market indicators and briefly discusses the International Labour Organization's definitions of key concepts that shape these indicators. Second, it assesses whether the Sustainable Development Goals labor market indicators are captured in the reviewed surveys. Third, it takes stock of current approaches to collect employment data and discusses critical survey design features, such as the structure of the labor module and the wording of the questions. Fourth, the paper examines whether these survey design features are gender and age neutral. Data from the Living Standards Measurement Study-Integrated Surveys on Agriculture are used to illustrate these issues. The paper concludes by proposing short- and medium-term objectives to improve the data quality in the Living Standards Measurement Study-Integrated Surveys on Agriculture.
Employment --- Employment and Unemployment --- Household Surveys --- Labor and Employment Law --- Labor Markets --- Law and Development --- LSMS-ISA --- Measurement --- Questionnaire Design --- Rural Development --- Rural Labor Markets --- SDGs --- Social Protections and Labor --- Sustainable Development Goals --- Wages, Compensation and Benefits --- Work --- Youth
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Dé opdracht van arbeidsbemiddelingsdiensten, zoals de VDAB, is het ondersteunen van werkzoekenden. Budgetten zijn echter beperkt. En dus wordt gekozen om sterk in te zetten op sommige - meestal kwetsbare - groepen, terwijl de sterkere werkzoekenden minder prioritair zijn. Een OECD Policy Brief en Working Paper, waaraan HIVA meewerkte, beschrijven hoe die keuze wordt gemaakt. Daarbij ligt de focus op statistical profiling, een methode voor het schatten van de kans op het vinden van werk. Statistical profiling wordt sinds oktober 2018 ook bij de VDAB ingezet.
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Measuring the effects minimum wages have on wage inequality and employment is complex, and troubled by endogeneity issues. We use a large longitudinal dataset and sectoral minimum wage variation to analyse trends in minimum wages and wage inequality in Belgium.
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De groep van NEET’s – jongeren tot 25 jaar, Not in Education, Employment or Training, is één van de grote uitdagingen op de arbeidsmarkt in en rond Antwerpen. Want, zoals uit de definitie volgt, deze jongeren zijn niet eens geregistreerd bij VDAB of OCMW. Om hen te kunnen bereiken en ondersteunen naar werk zijn innovatieve methoden nodig. Voor zulke vraagstukken kan een Social Impact Bond (SIB) een oplossing bieden. Het principe is dat private investeerders het financiële risico dragen tot het resultaat is bewezen, en dienstverleners vrijheid krijgen om te vernieuwen zonder de financiële druk die typisch is bij het tender-mechanisme. Het te behalen resultaat en de doelgroepen, alsook de kostprijs en de rente die door de overheid worden terugbetaald aan de investeerder worden vooraf contractueel vastgelegd.Hoe een SIB kan worden vertaald in de Vlaamse context en welke keuzes zich aandienen is grondig uitgewerkt in een voorbereidende studie door HIVA in samenwerking met VDAB en ESF. Het rapport biedt de nodige wetenschappelijke onderbouwing voor de lancering van een SIB voor NEET’s in Antwerpen. Tegelijk is het ook relevant voor toekomstige projecten.
#SBIB:35H437 --- #SBIB:35H201 --- #SBIB:316.8H00 --- Beleidssectoren: sociale zekerheid --- Overheidsmanagement: technieken --- Sociaal beleid: algemeen --- 451 Werkloosheid --- 132 Sociale zekerheid --- Social impact bonds SIB --- Academic collection --- Labor market --- Belgium --- Economics --- Social aspects
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