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Every year around the world 13.3 million boys and 2 million girls have part or all of their external sex organs cut off. Doctors, parents, and politicians have been misled into thinking that these mutilations are beneficial, necessary and harmless. International respected experts in the fields of medicine, science, politics, law, ethics, sociology, anthropology, history and religion present the latest research, documentation and analysis of this world-wide problem, focusing on the ethical, political and legal aspects of sexual mutilation; the cost and burden to healthcare systems; the latest medical research; anatomical and function consequences; religious and cultural aspects; psychological aspects; and the world-wide campaign to end sexual mutilation.

Circumcision --- Female circumcision --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Medicine. --- Religion. --- Culture --- Ethics. --- Pediatrics. --- Public international law. --- Medicine & Public Health. --- Religious Studies, general. --- Regional and Cultural Studies. --- Public International Law. --- Study and teaching. --- Culture-Study and teaching. --- Public International Law . --- Culture—Study and teaching. --- Law of nations --- Nations, Law of --- Public international law --- Law --- Religion, Primitive --- Atheism --- Irreligion --- Religions --- Theology --- Deontology --- Ethics, Primitive --- Ethology --- Moral philosophy --- Morality --- Morals --- Philosophy, Moral --- Science, Moral --- Philosophy --- Values --- Paediatrics --- Pediatric medicine --- Medicine --- Children --- Diseases --- Health and hygiene --- Amputation, Foreskin --- Foreskin amputation --- Foreskin removal --- Male circumcision --- Prepucectomy --- Removal of foreskin --- Body marking --- Foreskin --- Initiation rites --- Circumcision, Female --- Clitoridotomy --- Female genital cutting --- Female genital modification --- Female genital mutilation --- FGC (Female genital cutting) --- FGM (Female genital mutilation) --- Genital cutting, Female --- Genital mutilation, Female --- Mutilation, Female genital --- Clitoris --- Surgery

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Circumcision is a cultural phenomenon that affects 15.3 million children and young adults annually. In terms of gender, 13.3 millions boys and 2 million girls are subjected to the involuntary removal of part or all of their external sex organs every year. Few people, however, ask why such practices persist or how modern societies can tolerate this inherent violation of human rights. The problem of female circumcision is being addressed on an international level, while male circumcision remains a subject many academics are reluctant to fully or impartially examine. This book explores the problem of male and female circumcision in modern society from religious, anthropological, psychological, medical, legal, and ethical perspectives. Bodily Integrity and the Politics of Circumcision: Culture, Controversy, and Change illuminates the vulnerability of human society to medical, economic, and historical pressures. It provides a much-needed, thoughtful, and detailed analysis of the devastating impact of circumcision on bodily integrity and human rights, and it provides hope for change.

Circumcision. --- Female circumcision. --- Infibulation. --- Human rights. --- Basic rights --- Civil rights (International law) --- Human rights --- Rights, Human --- Rights of man --- Human security --- Transitional justice --- Truth commissions --- Labiorrhapy --- Female circumcision --- Vulva --- Circumcision, Female --- Clitoridotomy --- Female genital cutting --- Female genital modification --- Female genital mutilation --- FGC (Female genital cutting) --- FGM (Female genital mutilation) --- Genital cutting, Female --- Genital mutilation, Female --- Mutilation, Female genital --- Body marking --- Clitoris --- Initiation rites --- Amputation, Foreskin --- Foreskin amputation --- Foreskin removal --- Male circumcision --- Prepucectomy --- Removal of foreskin --- Foreskin --- Law and legislation --- Surgery --- Medical ethics. --- Public health laws. --- Consciousness. --- Theory of Medicine/Bioethics. --- Medical Law. --- Public Health. --- Personality and Social Psychology. --- Apperception --- Mind and body --- Perception --- Philosophy --- Psychology --- Spirit --- Self --- Communicable diseases --- Public health --- Medical laws and legislation --- Biomedical ethics --- Clinical ethics --- Ethics, Medical --- Health care ethics --- Medical care --- Medicine --- Bioethics --- Professional ethics --- Nursing ethics --- Social medicine --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Medical laws and legislation. --- Public health. --- Personality. --- Social psychology. --- Mass psychology --- Psychology, Social --- Human ecology --- Social groups --- Sociology --- Law, Medical --- Medical personnel --- Medical registration and examination --- Physicians --- Surgeons --- Medical policy --- Medical jurisprudence --- Personal identity --- Personality psychology --- Personality theory --- Personality traits --- Personology --- Traits, Personality --- Individuality --- Persons --- Temperament --- Community health --- Health services --- Hygiene, Public --- Hygiene, Social --- Public health services --- Public hygiene --- Social hygiene --- Health --- Human services --- Biosecurity --- Health literacy --- Medicine, Preventive --- National health services --- Sanitation --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Circumcision, Female. --- Circumcision, Male --- Human Rights --- Circumcision, Male. --- Female genital mutilation. --- Human Rights.

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Professional ethics. Deontology --- Medical law --- Human biochemistry --- Hygiene. Public health. Protection --- medische biochemie --- biochemie --- gezondheidszorg --- deontologie --- patiëntenrechten --- gezondheidsrecht

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Circumcision affects 15.3 million children and young adults annually. In terms of gender, 13.3 million boys and 2 million girls are subjected to the involuntary removal of part or all of their external sexual organs every year. The problem of female circumcision has been addressed on an international level, but male circumcision remains a controversial subject that many academics have been reluctant to examine. Circumcision is tolerated today because it has been practiced for millennia by a small but vocal minority of religious and ethnic groups, however, when the practice is examined through the lens of modern legal, ethical, and human rights advancements, no place remains in civilized society for this body-altering ritual. In Genital Autonomy: Protecting Personal Choice, international experts address various types of genital modifications, the impact of these harmful traditional practices on the child, on human rights, and on the development of the concept of bodily integrity. The papers presented in this volume address these topics from a variety of angles. They question and dissects the true motivations of the doctors, witch doctors, and “holy men” who promote and profit from circumcision.

Professional ethics. Deontology --- Commercial law --- Industrial and intellectual property --- Law --- Human biochemistry --- Hygiene. Public health. Protection --- Human medicine --- Mass communications --- volksgezondheid --- medische biochemie --- geneeskunde --- gezondheidszorg --- handelsrecht --- massamedia --- intellectueel eigendomsrecht --- recht --- deontologie --- medische ethiek

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Every year, across the globe, an estimated 13.3 million boys and 2 million girls are involuntarily subjected to genital cutting. Both male and female genital cutting persist, generating a multi-billion-dollar-a-year industry that is defended by its proponents with dubious studies, manipulated statistics, and an appeal to “custom.” Physicians and parents alike have been misled into believing that these mutilations are beneficial, necessary, and harmless. Today, flawed studies have allowed the promotion of circumcision as a way of combating HIV/AIDS in Africa, an experiment that failed in the USA, where a half-million circumcised males have succumbed to AIDS. These facts notwithstanding, the public and legal outcry against these abuses is increasing. For instance, the high court in Cologne, Germany ruled in 2012 that circumcision harms the child, that the harm is irreversible, that it denies the child the right to his own body, and that circumcision denies the individual the right to choose his own religion. Thus, the issue of circumcision has expanded beyond the arena of medicine and is firmly established as a human rights and legal problem. The contributors to this volume, an international panel of experts in the fields of medicine, law, ethics, anthropology, sociology, history, religion, and politics, thoroughly examine and elucidate this violation of human rights.

Circumcision. --- Infibulation. --- Gynecologic Surgical Procedures --- Social Welfare --- Culture --- Body Modification, Non-Therapeutic --- Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male --- Human Rights --- Surgical Procedures, Operative --- Urogenital Surgical Procedures --- Urologic Surgical Procedures --- Social Control, Formal --- Cosmetic Techniques --- Anthropology, Cultural --- Sociology --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Therapeutics --- Health Care Economics and Organizations --- Anthropology --- Social Sciences --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Health Care --- Circumcision, Male --- Circumcision, Female --- Child Advocacy --- Child Welfare --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Pediatrics --- Social & Cultural Anthropology --- Amputation, Foreskin --- Foreskin amputation --- Foreskin removal --- Male circumcision --- Prepucectomy --- Removal of foreskin --- Labiorrhapy --- Medicine. --- Ethics. --- Pediatrics. --- Pediatric surgery. --- Anthropology. --- Sociology. --- Psychology. --- Medicine & Public Health. --- Pediatric Surgery. --- Sociology, general. --- Psychology, general. --- Body marking --- Foreskin --- Initiation rites --- Female circumcision --- Vulva --- Surgery --- Surgery. --- Philosophy (General). --- Surgery, Primitive --- Human beings --- Deontology --- Ethics, Primitive --- Ethology --- Moral philosophy --- Morality --- Morals --- Philosophy, Moral --- Science, Moral --- Philosophy --- Values --- Paediatrics --- Pediatric medicine --- Children --- Diseases --- Health and hygiene --- Behavioral sciences --- Mental philosophy --- Mind --- Science, Mental --- Human biology --- Soul --- Mental health --- Social theory --- Social sciences --- Pediatric surgery --- Surgery, Pediatric --- Treatment --- Primitive societies