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This book provides a comprehensive review of Grain for Green, China’s nationwide program which pays farmers to revert sloping or marginal farm land to trees or grass. The program aims to improve the ecological conditions of much of China, and the socioeconomic circumstances of hundreds of millions of people. GfG is the largest reforestation, ecological restoration, and rural development initiative in history, combining the biggest investment, the greatest involvement, and the broadest degree of public participation ever. The book is organised in three sections. Part One reviews the history of land management in China from 1949 to 1998, exploring the conditions that led to the introduction of GfG, and comparing it to other reforestation programs. Part Two offers an overview of GfG, describing the timeline of the program, compensation paid to farmers, the rules concerning land and plant selection, the extent to which these rules were followed, the attitudes of farmers towards the program, and the way in which the program is organized and implemented by various state actors. Part Three discusses the impact of the GfG, from both ecological and socio-economic standpoints, looking at the economic benefits that result from participating in the GfG, the impact of the GfG across local economies, the redistribution of the labor force and the sustainability of the program, in particular the question of what will happen to the converted land when payments to farmers end.

Environment. --- Environmental Management. --- Nature Conservation. --- Ecosystems. --- Sustainable Development. --- Forestry Management. --- Environmental sciences. --- Endangered ecosystems. --- Forests and forestry. --- Environmental management. --- Sustainable development. --- Sciences de l'environnement --- Ecosystèmes menacés --- Forêts et sylviculture --- Environnement --- Développement durable --- Gestion --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Environmental Sciences --- Restoration ecology --- Soil conservation --- Soil erosion --- Agricultural subsidies --- Rural development --- Research --- Community development, Rural --- Development, Rural --- Integrated rural development --- Regional development --- Rehabilitation, Rural --- Rural community development --- Rural economic development --- Agricultural industries --- Farm subsidies --- Accelerated erosion --- Soils --- Conservation of soil --- Erosion control, Soil --- Soil erosion control --- Ecological restoration --- Ecosystem restoration --- Rehabilitation ecology --- Restoration of ecosystems --- Citizen participation --- Social aspects --- Subsidies --- Erosion --- Control --- Prevention --- Conservation --- Forestry management. --- Nature conservation. --- Agriculture and state --- Community development --- Economic development --- Regional planning --- Agricultural conservation --- Soil management --- Applied ecology --- Forest land --- Forest lands --- Forest planting --- Forest production --- Forest sciences --- Forestation --- Forested lands --- Forestland --- Forestlands --- Forestry --- Forestry industry --- Forestry sciences --- Land, Forest --- Lands, Forest --- Silviculture --- Sylviculture --- Woodlands --- Woods (Forests) --- Agriculture --- Natural resources --- Afforestation --- Arboriculture --- Logging --- Timber --- Tree crops --- Trees --- Development, Sustainable --- Ecologically sustainable development --- Economic development, Sustainable --- Economic sustainability --- ESD (Ecologically sustainable development) --- Smart growth --- Sustainable development --- Sustainable economic development --- Threatened ecosystems --- Biotic communities --- Nature conservation --- Conservation of nature --- Nature --- Nature protection --- Protection of nature --- Conservation of natural resources --- Conservation biology --- Endangered ecosystems --- Natural areas --- Environmental stewardship --- Stewardship, Environmental --- Environmental sciences --- Management --- Environmental aspects --- Forest administration --- Forest plants --- Forest resource administration --- Forest resource management --- Forest stewardship --- Forest vegetation management --- Forestry management --- Forests and forestry --- Stewardship, Forest --- Vegetation management, Forest --- Ecosystem management --- Biocenoses --- Biocoenoses --- Biogeoecology --- Biological communities --- Biomes --- Biotic community ecology --- Communities, Biotic --- Community ecology, Biotic --- Ecological communities --- Ecosystems --- Natural communities --- Ecology --- Population biology --- Administration

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The book reviews the literature on the ecological succession of plants on fallowed swiddens in tropical forests.  Patterns of ecological succession in tropical forests are insufficiently understood, partly because results are scattered through a large number of case studies reported in academic articles. So far, no publication has attempted to bring these different case studies together to identify common patters and trends. The goal of the book is to review the different case studies, and identify common patterns of ecological succession in fallowed swiddens, as well as to pinpoint the factors that cause ecological succession in some areas to differ from those in other areas. The book is organised in four different sections: forest structure, forest diversity, species composition, and the factors that contribute to differences in forest recovery rates (the number of times the field was burned, the length of fallow period, the type of soil, and the type of forest).  This book is an important contribution to tropical forestry and shifting cultivation. Deforestation and forest degradation are the largest sources of CO2, and shifting cultivation is one of the main culprits. For this (and other economic and political) reason governments attempt to curtail shifting cultivation by shortening the years the fields can be left fallow, or outright outlawing the farming practice. Yet, there is insufficient understanding of the processes of ecological succession in fallows, which raises the questions as to whether the policy fulfils its objectives. .

Ecological succession. --- Forest plants. --- Rain forest ecology. --- Equatorial forest ecology --- Rain forest ecology --- Rain forests --- Tropical rain forest ecology --- Forest botany --- Forest flora --- Forest vegetation --- Forest wildlife plants --- Forest-zone plants --- Wildlife plants, Forest --- Woodland plants --- Woodland vegetation --- Biotic succession --- Succession, Ecological --- Ecology --- Ecological succession -- Australia -- Queensland. --- Restoration ecology -- Australia -- Queensland. --- Forest succession --- Fallow lands --- Life sciences. --- Biodiversity. --- Plant ecology. --- Forestry. --- Plant science. --- Botany. --- Life Sciences. --- Plant Ecology. --- Plant Sciences. --- Forest ecology --- Forests and forestry --- Plants --- Woodland garden plants --- Forests and forestry. --- Botanical science --- Phytobiology --- Phytography --- Phytology --- Plant biology --- Plant science --- Biology --- Natural history --- Forest land --- Forest lands --- Forest planting --- Forest production --- Forest sciences --- Forestation --- Forested lands --- Forestland --- Forestlands --- Forestry --- Forestry industry --- Forestry sciences --- Land, Forest --- Lands, Forest --- Silviculture --- Sylviculture --- Woodlands --- Woods (Forests) --- Agriculture --- Natural resources --- Afforestation --- Arboriculture --- Logging --- Timber --- Tree crops --- Trees --- Biological diversification --- Biological diversity --- Biotic diversity --- Diversification, Biological --- Diversity, Biological --- Biocomplexity --- Ecological heterogeneity --- Numbers of species --- Botany --- Phytoecology --- Vegetation ecology --- Floristic botany --- Floristic ecology