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Personnage de jeu vidéo, motif de pyjama, créature de Harry Potter ou support de "tutos beauté" : la licorne, icône de la pop culture, est aujourd'hui partout. Mais si on l'associe volontiers au Moyen Age tardif, et en particulier à la spectaculaire autant qu'énigmatique tenture La Dame à la licorne du musée de Cluny, sait-on que cet animal mythique trouve ses origines dans l'Antiquité grecque et l'Ancien Testament ? Qu'elle a oscillé dans la littérature médiévale entre les genres mâle et femelle, devenant tour à tour bête féroce capable d'éventrer l'éléphant et symbole de pureté virginale ? Et qu'en tant qu'exemple canonique d'objet dont il faut déterminer ou non s'il existe - ou s'il est possible qu'il existe et ce que cela signifie -, elle a passionné les philosophes, de Duns Scot à Bertrand Russell en passant par Kant et Leibniz ? Saisissant cette figure sans cesse réinventée dans toutes ses dimensions, un collectif de philosophes et de spécialistes d'histoire de l'art et de littérature lève le voile sur les mystères de cet animal-totem devenu l'incarnation de la nostalgie de l'innocence et de l'insatiable besoin de réenchantement de notre monde contemporain.

Théorie de la fiction. --- Licornes. --- Réalisme (philosophie) --- Théorie de la fiction. --- Réalisme (philosophie)

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Aristotle’s De memoria et reminiscentia (“On Memory and Recollection”) is the oldest surviving systematic study of the nature of human memory. Forming part of Aristotle’s other minor writings on psychology that were intended as a supplement to his De anima (“On the Soul”) and known under the collective title Parva naturalia, Aristotle’s De memoria et reminiscentia gave rise to a vast number of commentaries in the Middle Ages. The present volume offers new knowledge on the medieval understanding of Aristotle’s theories on memory and recollection across the linguistic traditions including the Byzantine Greek, Latin and Arabic reception.

Memory (Philosophy) --- Reminiscing --- Psychology --- Philosophy, Medieval --- Islamic philosophy --- Philosophy. --- Philosophy --- History --- Greek influences. --- Aristotle. --- Aristotle --- Apprecation. --- Cognitive psychology --- Recollection (Psychology)

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This edited work draws on a range of contributed expertise to trace the fortune of an Aristotelian thesis over different periods in the history of philosophy. It presents eight cases of direct or indirect challenges to the Aristotelian passive account of human cognition, taking the reader from late antiquity to the 20th century. Chapters analyse the (often indirect) effect of Aristotle’s account of cognition on later periods. In his influential De anima, Aristotle describes human cognition, both sensitive and intellectual, as the reception of a form in the cognitive subject. Aristotle’s account has been commonly interpreted as fundamentally passive – the cognitive subject is a passive actor upon which a cognitive process is acted by the object. However, at least from the time of Alexander of Aphrodisias onwards, this interpretation has been challenged by authors who posit a fundamental active aspect of cognition. Readers will discover how one or more of three concerns – ontological superiority, direct realism and moral responsibility – drive the active accounts of cognition. Contributed chapters from top scholars examine how these three concerns lead thinkers to take issue with the idea that cognition is a passive process. The authors consider Jesuit accounts of cognition, Malebranche on judgment, and Wittgenstein on perception, as well as Stumpf on active cognition, among other relevant works. This book is ideally suited to scholars of philosophy, especially those with an interest in medieval epistemology, the influence of Aristotle, philosophy of mind and theories of cognition.

Cognition --- Psychology --- Philosophy. --- Philosophy of mind. --- Epistemology. --- Philosophy of Mind. --- History of Philosophy. --- Epistemology --- Theory of knowledge --- Philosophy --- Mental philosophy --- Humanities --- Mind, Philosophy of --- Mind, Theory of --- Theory of mind --- Cognitive science --- Metaphysics --- Philosophical anthropology --- Knowledge, Theory of. --- History.

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Conscience.