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Europe, Eastern --- Europe de l'Est --- History. --- Historical geography. --- Histoire --- Géographie historique --- Géographie historique
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This book describes issues in modeling unconventional conflict and suggests a new way to do the modeling. It presents an ontology that describes the unconventional conflict domain, which allows for greater ease in modeling unconventional conflict. Supporting holistic modeling, which means that we can see the entire picture of what needs to be modeled, the ontology allows us to make informed decisions about what to model and what to omit. The unconventional conflict ontology also separates the things we understand best from the things we understand least. This separation means that we can perform verification, validation and accreditation (VV&A) more efficiently and can describe the competence of the model more accurately. However, before this message can be presented in its entirety the supporting body of knowledge has to be explored. For this reason, the book offers chapters that focus on the description of unconventional conflict and the analyses that have been performed, modeling, with a concentration on past efforts at modeling unconventional conflict, the precursors to the ontology, and VV&A. Unconventional conflict is a complex, messy thing. It normally involves multiple actors, with their own conflicting agendas and differing concepts of legitimate actions. This book will present a useful introduction for researchers and professionals within the field.
Political science. --- Politics and war. --- Computer simulation. --- System safety. --- Political Science and International Relations. --- Military and Defence Studies. --- Security Science and Technology. --- Simulation and Modeling. --- Computational Social Sciences. --- Data-driven Science, Modeling and Theory Building. --- Safety, System --- Safety of systems --- Systems safety --- Computer modeling --- Computer models --- Modeling, Computer --- Models, Computer --- Simulation, Computer --- War --- War and politics --- Administration --- Civil government --- Commonwealth, The --- Government --- Political theory --- Political thought --- Politics --- Science, Political --- Political aspects --- Social sciences—Data processing. --- Social sciences—Computer programs. --- Electromechanical analogies --- Mathematical models --- Simulation methods --- Model-integrated computing --- Mathematical models. --- Sociophysics. --- Econophysics. --- Economics --- Statistical physics --- Mathematical sociology --- Accidents --- Industrial safety --- Systems engineering --- Statistical methods --- Prevention
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This book describes the ontology structure, types of actors, their potential actions, and ways that actions can affect the things that are part of the conflict. An ontology of unconventional conflict supports the understanding of unconventional conflict in general. It also provides a tool for understanding and investigating a particular unconventional conflict. The ontology specifies the relations among the elements and supports creating a description of a particular situation. Unconventional conflict spans the range from natural disasters through human disagreements to irregular warfare (up to conventional war). Unconventional conflict involves damage to things and injuries to people; however, the critical factors are the actions, reactions, and opinions of people, including political, military, economic, social, infrastructure, and information components. This ontology supports and will appeal to military strategists, political scientists, economists, and politicians in understanding their planning for, and managing of these conflicts.
Politics and war. --- Operations research. --- International relations. --- Public finance. --- Information systems. --- Military and Defence Studies. --- Operations Research/Decision Theory. --- International Relations Theory. --- Public Economics. --- Information Systems and Communication Service. --- Coexistence --- Foreign affairs --- Foreign policy --- Foreign relations --- Global governance --- Interdependence of nations --- International affairs --- Peaceful coexistence --- World order --- National security --- Sovereignty --- World politics --- Operational analysis --- Operational research --- Industrial engineering --- Management science --- Research --- System theory --- Cameralistics --- Public finance --- Currency question --- War --- War and politics --- Political aspects --- Public finances --- Political science. --- Natural disasters. --- Natural calamities --- Disasters --- Administration --- Civil government --- Commonwealth, The --- Government --- Political theory --- Political thought --- Politics --- Science, Political --- Social sciences --- State, The --- Decision making. --- Computers. --- Automatic computers --- Automatic data processors --- Computer hardware --- Computing machines (Computers) --- Electronic brains --- Electronic calculating-machines --- Electronic computers --- Hardware, Computer --- Computer systems --- Cybernetics --- Machine theory --- Calculators --- Cyberspace --- Deciding --- Decision (Psychology) --- Decision analysis --- Decision processes --- Making decisions --- Management --- Management decisions --- Choice (Psychology) --- Problem solving --- Decision making
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Engineering economy --- Decision making. --- Economy, Engineering --- Engineering economics --- Industrial engineering --- Decision making --- Engineering economy - Decision making.
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This volume develops and describes an ontology of modern conflict. Modern conflict is a complex adaptive system. As such, it exhibits emergent properties, or properties that are not predictable from simple descriptions of the system. The Modern Conflict Ontology (MCO) creates a structure for collecting and analyzing information regarding both conventional and unconventional conflict in the face of uncertainty. The first three chapters of the book begin the discussion of the MCO. The first chapter introduces the foundational concepts. The second chapter discusses modern conflict in detail. The third chapter provides an overview of ontologies in sufficient detail to make the rest of the book understandable, but without covering the minutia of the subject. The next ten chapters describe the parts of the MCO. Each part is a sub-ontology and is discussed in detail, including connections to the other parts. Instances are used very liberally to ensure that the concepts are made concrete. The final chapter consolidates the descriptions of the ontology into a discussion of “what we can know.” It describes the implementation history and changes from the predecessor Unconventional Conflict Ontology (UCO) to the MCO, plus some uses of the ontology and potential future enhancements. Providing an ontology that describes the entire modern conflict domain, this volume is appropriate for military professionals and academics and professionals in political science, computer science, and operations research.
Politics and war. --- International relations. --- Political philosophy. --- Operations research. --- Decision making. --- Military and Defence Studies. --- International Relations. --- Political Philosophy. --- Operations Research/Decision Theory. --- Deciding --- Decision (Psychology) --- Decision analysis --- Decision processes --- Making decisions --- Management --- Management decisions --- Choice (Psychology) --- Problem solving --- Operational analysis --- Operational research --- Industrial engineering --- Management science --- Research --- System theory --- Political philosophy --- Coexistence --- Foreign affairs --- Foreign policy --- Foreign relations --- Global governance --- Interdependence of nations --- International affairs --- Peaceful coexistence --- World order --- National security --- Sovereignty --- World politics --- War --- War and politics --- Decision making --- Political aspects --- Political science --- Philosophy. --- Internationale relationer --- Politisk videnskab --- Konflikter
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Administration, Cutaneous. --- Administration, Intranasal. --- Cornea --- Dosage Forms. --- Nasal mucosa --- Skin Absorption. --- Skin --- Transdermal medication. --- Permeability. --- Permeability. --- Permeability.
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