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Book
ISBN: 1462326730 1455283827 Year: 1991 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : International Monetary Fund,
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This paper draws on the neoclassical theory of international trade to examine the limits of efficient export diversification in low-income, commodity-exporting countries. It demonstrates the fundamental importance of relative factor endowments among countries for determining the commodity composition of international trade flows under both certain and uncertain economic conditions. In recognition of the importance of international financial markets for risk-spreading and allocating resources efficiently under uncertainty, the paper emphasizes the importance of “open” economic policies towards international trade in financial assets as well as goods.
Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics --- Commercial policy --- Comparative advantage --- Economic Integration --- Environmental and Ecological Economics: General --- Environmental management --- Export diversification --- Exports and Imports --- Exports --- Financial Aspects of Economic Integration --- International economics --- International Trade Organizations --- International trade --- Natural Resources --- Natural resources --- Neoclassical Models of Trade --- Trade Policy --- Trade policy --- Trade: General
Book
ISBN: 1462376266 1455238376 1281346004 9786613779342 1455253405 Year: 1991 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : International Monetary Fund,
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This paper presents a simple partial equilibrium framework for considering the economic implications of administered protection in Tanzania, against the background of the country’s parallel exchange market and the establishment of the own-funds and open general license (OGL) facilities for authorizing imports. It also presents estimates of the range of possible adjustment in the real exchange rate and trade flows following from a unification of the highly-fragmented import licensing system, coupled with sufficient liberalization of the OGL facility to eliminate own-funded imports and the incentive to export smuggling.
Exports and Imports --- Foreign Exchange --- Trade Policy --- International Trade Organizations --- Trade: General --- International economics --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Real exchange rates --- Exports --- Imports --- Trade liberalization --- Exchange rate adjustments --- International trade --- Commercial policy --- Tanzania, United Republic of
Book
ISBN: 1462368131 1455249505 Year: 1990 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : International Monetary Fund,
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This paper examines the extent and structure of nominal protection in a large sample of Sub-Saharan countries, and provides estimates of the effects of this protection on the exports of these countries. Both tariff rates and the frequency of nontariff barriers are found to be appreciably higher on average in the Sub-Saharan countries than in other developing countries. The empirical estimates, based on simulations of a simple model of trade and real exchange rate adjustment, suggest that protection reduces the value of the sample countries’ exports (relative to baseline levels) by between 15 and 33 percent per annum, and inhibits export diversification.
Commercial policy --- Exports and Imports --- Exports --- Imports --- International economics --- International Trade Organizations --- International trade --- Public finance & taxation --- Tariff --- Tariffs --- Taxation --- Taxes --- Trade barriers --- Trade Policy --- Trade policy --- Trade: General --- Congo, Democratic Republic of the
ISBN: 0896291065 Year: 1995 Publisher: Washington, D.C. International Food Policy Research Institute
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Foreign trade policy --- International economic relations --- Association of Southeast Asian Nations --- Developing countries --- ASEAN --- Commerce --- Trade --- Commerce extérieur --- Foreign trade --- Commerce intérieur --- Domestic trade --- Accord commercial --- Trade agreements --- European Union --- Développement régional --- Regional development --- Politique de développement --- Development policies --- USA --- 339.542 --- Free trade --- -Tariff --- -Trade blocs --- -339.542 --- 341.17 ASEAN --- Regional economic blocs --- Regional trading blocs --- Trading blocs --- International trade --- Ad valorem tariff --- Border taxes --- Customs (Tariff) --- Customs duties --- Duties --- Fees, Import --- Import controls --- Import fees --- Tariff on raw materials --- Commercial policy --- Indirect taxation --- Revenue --- Customs administration --- Favored nation clause --- Non-tariff trade barriers --- Reciprocity (Commerce) --- Free trade and protection --- Trade, Free --- Trade liberalization --- Buitenlandse handelsovereenkomsten. Multilaterale/bilaterale handelsbesprekingen. Tarieven. Uitvoerrechten. Gatt. Handelsconferenties. WTO --- Associatie van de Zuid-oostelijke Aziatische Naties--ASEAN --- Asia, Southeastern --- Asia, Southeast --- South East Asia --- Southeastern Asia --- Commerce. --- -Econometric models. --- Commercial policy. --- Economic integration. --- Tariff --- Trade blocs --- 339.542 Buitenlandse handelsovereenkomsten. Multilaterale/bilaterale handelsbesprekingen. Tarieven. Uitvoerrechten. Gatt. Handelsconferenties. WTO --- 341.17 ASEAN Associatie van de Zuid-oostelijke Aziatische Naties--ASEAN --- Southeast Asia --- Econometric models. --- Trade.
Digital
Year: 1997 Publisher: Washington, D.C. World Bank
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Developing countries: agricultural and food problems --- Middle East --- North Africa
Book
Year: 1998 Publisher: Washington, D.C.
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Book
Year: 1992 Publisher: Washington International food policy research institute
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Book
Year: 1994 Publisher: Washington International food policy research institute
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Book
Year: 1998 Publisher: Washington, DC : World Bank,
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Customs unions. --- International economic integration. --- Trade blocs.
Book
Year: 1995 Publisher: Washington (D.C.): International food policy research institute
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