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This paper presents an analysis of the behavior of the Swiss labor market, which emphasizes both changes to labor supply and real wage inflexibility as determinants of recent unusually high levels of unemployment. Supply responses in the past meant that measured unemployment rates were rarely high. The paper suggests that these responses also meant that real wages were probably less responsive to shocks as a result. Econometric tests reported in the paper broadly confirm these suggestions, and imply that the level of unemployment consistent with stable inflation has risen in Switzerland.

Labor --- Public Finance --- Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search --- Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General --- Demand and Supply of Labor: General --- Unemployment Insurance --- Severance Pay --- Plant Closings --- Labour --- income economics --- Public finance & taxation --- Unemployment --- Real wages --- Labor markets --- Unemployment rate --- Wages --- Unemployment benefits --- Expenditure --- Labor market --- Unemployment insurance --- Switzerland

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The overall price level increased sharply in transition countries once prices were freed. Disinflation has most frequently been gradual, with prices continuing to rise rapidly in subsequent years. This paper identifies the well-known and lesser-known features of inflationary processes in central and eastern Europe, the Baltics, Russia, and other countries of the former Soviet Union on the basis of a sample of 26 countries and observations spanning the first five to seven years of transition.

Inflation --- Macroeconomics --- Price Level --- Deflation --- Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Prices --- Other Production and Pricing Analysis --- Agriculture: Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis --- Prices --- Price structures --- Consumer prices --- Consumer price indexes --- Food prices --- Price indexes --- Russian Federation

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amerique latine --- LAM / Latin America - Latijns Amerika - Amérique Latine --- 333.46 --- 330.98 --- latijns amerika --- Monetaire toestand en evolutie. --- 330.05 --- politique economique --- reforme economique --- situation economique --- 331.31 --- 331.33 --- 333.844 --- economisch beleid --- economische hervorming --- economische toestand --- Economisch beleid --- Structureel beleid. Reglementering. Dereglementering. Ordnungspolitik --- Monetaire toestand en evolutie --- Devaluatie en opwaardering. Stabilisering. J curve --- International Monetary Fund --- Internationaal monetair fonds --- International monetary fund --- Latin America --- Economic conditions --- Economic policy. --- Working papers --- Money. Monetary policy --- Economic policy and planning (general) --- IMF --- Economic policy --- Latin America - Economic policy --- Latin America - Economic conditions - 1982 --- -Money. Monetary policy --- -330.05

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Este estudio examina las influencias externas e internas sobre el desempeño económico de América Latina durante los últimos 15 años. Se destaca que en los últimos años se han fortalecido las políticas macroeconómicas y se han implementado reformas estructurales. Conjugadas con un entorno externo favorable, estas políticas han contribuido a una recuperación económica relativamente vigorosa en América Latina después de la última recesión por la que atravesó la región. El estudio analiza las reformas prioritarias en la región que podrían ayudar a asegurar que se consolide esta creciente prosperidad. También se presentan reflexiones sobre el papel futuro de las principales autoridades involucradas en este proceso: los gobiernos de la región; las instituciones financieras internacionales, en especial el FMI; y los gobiernos de los países industriales.

Banks and Banking --- Exports and Imports --- Foreign Exchange --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Public Finance --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Trade Policy --- International Trade Organizations --- Monetary Systems --- Standards --- Regimes --- Government and the Monetary System --- Payment Systems --- Public finance & taxation --- Macroeconomics --- Monetary economics --- Banking --- International economics --- Public debt --- Inflation --- Fiscal policy --- Expenditure --- Debts, Public --- Banks and banking --- Foreign exchange --- Prices --- Mexico