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Colonisation. Decolonisation --- History of Congo --- anno 1800-1899 --- anno 1900-1909 --- anno 1910-1919 --- Boma

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Deze cd-romlaat u kennismaken met de Congolese stad Boma rond 1900. Vier thema's (bezoek, hoofdstad, samenleving en geweld) ontsluiten bijna 100 historische beelden waarvan het overgrote deel nooit eerder werd gepubliceerd. Zo kunt u grasduinen in een stuk geschiedenis van de toenmalige hoofdstad van de Onafhankelijke Congostaat.

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Wine appears to be increasingly popular across the world. This research analyzes whether fine wine can be regarded as a diversifier, a hedge or a safe haven. There has already been a lot of research on fine wine investment. However, at the moment, there is not yet a consensus about the investment properties of fine wine. Some researchers find that fine wine behaves as a diversifier whereas others see it as a hedge or safe haven. Our research is able to investigate these three investment properties at the same time using a more all-encompassing approach compared to previous research. Using correlations, our model allows us to identify the characteristics of wine, both in normal periods and in stress periods of different degrees. The correlations in this methodology are calculated using the DCC-GARCH model which was introduced by Engle (2002). We compare fine wine with each of the most common assets included in an investment portfolio. We use two data samples, a daily one spanning from 2010 to 2017 and a monthly one spanning from 1993 to 2017. These contain, our proxy for fine wine, Liv-ex and the common assets are S&P 500, BEL 20, gold, German government bonds and the Euro-Dollar exchange rate. The results show that fine wine acts as a short term hedge and safe haven for most products, protecting investors against short term losses in financial markets. In the long run, fine wine, being a diversifier, can be used to mitigate risks in an investment portfolio.