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The hadronic event generators SIBYLL, QGSJET and EPOS use an Eikonal unitarization scheme. We focus on SIBYLL and present the general theoretical concepts behind this event generator and concentrate on diffraction. After a presentation of Regge theory, we present different unitarization schemes. We show the equivalence between the Good-Walker models used in SIBYLL and the GLM model. We test the U-matrix scheme. We show that U matrix fits very well the total, the elastic, the inelastic and the single diffractive cross sections with soft interactions. We show the asymptotic behaviour of the different cross sections.

Unitarization scheme --- Eikonal --- U matrix --- Cosmic ray --- Sibyll --- diffraction --- Good-Walker --- Regge theory --- hadron --- event generator --- soft interactions --- Physique, chimie, mathématiques & sciences de la terre > Aérospatiale, astronomie & astrophysique

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Nous avons étudié de façon théorique, à l'aide des modèles sismiques de troisième et quatrième génération propres aux étoiles sous-naines de type B, l'impact du changement successif d'un des paramètres structurels de ces modèles sur le spectre de pulsation des modes de pression et de gravité. Ensuite, nous avons procédé à une modélisation sismique de la sdB du système PG 1336-018 en premier lieu, pour contraindre les paramètres des modèles 3G et ensuite ceux des modèles 4G.

modélisation sismique --- sdB --- modélisations sismiques --- astérosismologie --- PG 1336-018 --- sous-naines --- Physique, chimie, mathématiques & sciences de la terre > Aérospatiale, astronomie & astrophysique

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AMS-02 is an astrophysical experiment embarked on the International Space Station since 2011, designed to measure the fluxes of cosmic rays arriving at the Earth. AMS-02 has detected a significant excess in the positron flux at Earth that is inconsistent with the production of positrons in collisions of cosmic rays in the Galaxy. This thesis addresses the viability of a scalar two-component dark matter in the context of the AMS-02 measurements of positrons and antiprotons. Astrophysical alternatives to dark matter are briefly discusses, namely pulsars.

AMS-02 --- Quantum Field Theory --- Particle Physics --- Physics Beyond the Standard Model --- Dark Matter --- Galactic Propagation --- Physique, chimie, mathématiques & sciences de la terre > Physique --- Physique, chimie, mathématiques & sciences de la terre > Aérospatiale, astronomie & astrophysique