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Soils have important roles to play in criminal and environmental forensic science. Since the initial concept of using soil in forensic investigations was mooted by Conan Doyle in his Sherlock Holmes stories prior to real-world applications, this branch of forensic science has become increasingly sophisticated and broad. New techniques in chemical, physical, biological, ecological and spatial analysis, coupled with informatics, are being applied to reducing areas of search by investigators, site identification, site comparison and measurement for the eventual use as evidence in court. Soils can provide intelligence, in assisting the determination of the provenance of samples from artifacts, victims or suspects, enabling their linkage to locations or other evidence. They also modulate change in surface or buried cadavers and hence affect the ability to estimate post-mortem or post-burial intervals, and locate clandestine graves. This interdisciplinary volume explores the conceptual and practical interplay of soil and geoforensics across the scientific, investigative and legal fields. Supported by reviews, case-studies from across the world, and reports of original research, it demonstrates the increasing convergence of a wide range of knowledge. It covers conceptual issues, evidence (from recovery to use in court), geoforensics, taphonomy, as well as leading-edge technologies. The application of the resultant soil forensics toolbox is leading to significant advances in improving crime detection, and environmental and national security.

Forensic geology. --- Forensic geology --- Soils --- Legal & Forensic Medicine --- Geology - General --- Public Health --- Geology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Analysis --- Soil science. --- Pedology (Soil science) --- Medicine. --- Forensic science. --- Geobiology. --- Geotechnical engineering. --- Forensic medicine. --- Soil conservation. --- Biomedicine. --- Forensic Science. --- Forensic Medicine. --- Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences. --- Soil Science & Conservation. --- Biogeosciences. --- Criminology and Criminal Justice, general. --- Agriculture --- Earth sciences --- Forensic sciences --- Criminology. --- Crime --- Social sciences --- Criminals --- Conservation of soil --- Erosion control, Soil --- Soil erosion --- Soil erosion control --- Agricultural conservation --- Soil management --- Forensic medicine --- Injuries (Law) --- Jurisprudence, Medical --- Legal medicine --- Medicine --- Medical laws and legislation --- Study and teaching --- Control --- Prevention --- Conservation --- Biology --- Biosphere --- Engineering, Geotechnical --- Geotechnics --- Geotechnology --- Engineering geology --- Criminalistics --- Forensic science --- Science --- Criminal investigation --- Geology. --- Forensic sciences. --- Analysis. --- Geognosy --- Geoscience --- Natural history --- Analysis of soils --- Soil analysis

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Geological techniques are widely used in two aspects of serious criminal investigations: (1) the search for clandestine burial sites, based on near-surface geophysics or through the detection of decomposition signals and (2) the analysis of trace evidence to identify its source location or test the possible association between the trace evidence and a known location of an offence. Although geoforensics is used in such investigations world-wide there are still considerable gaps in the published literature. In addition, there is increasing concern regarding the illegal release of wastes either into the atmosphere, water courses or on to the land surface, and a growing realization that the techniques used in criminal forensics are equally useful in the investigation of environmental crime. This book bridges the gap between environmental and criminal geoforensics with conceptual, methodological and case study contributions. This demonstrates the significant potential that geoforensics holds for investigating and regulatory officers.

Forensic geology --- Environmental forensics --- Offenses against the environment --- Chemistry, Forensic --- Forensic sciences --- Chemistry, Forensic. --- Environmental forensics. --- Forensic geology. --- Forensic sciences. --- Offenses against the environment.

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FORENSIC GEOLOGY --- SOILS --- ANALYSIS