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Being human while trying to scientifically study human nature confronts us with our most vexing problem. Efforts to explicate the human mind are thwarted by our cultural biases and entrenched infirmities; our first-person experiences as practical agents convince us that we have capacities beyond the reach of scientific explanation. What we need to move forward in our understanding of human agency, Paul Sheldon Davies argues, is a reform in the way we study ourselves and a long overdue break with traditional humanist thinking. Davies locates a model for change in
Agent (Philosophy). --- Evolution. --- Philosophy of nature. --- Teleology. --- Darwin, Charles, --- Literary style. --- Agent (Philosophy) --- Evolution --- Philosophy of nature --- Teleology --- Design in natural phenomena, Study of --- Final cause --- Philosophy --- Causation --- Necessity (Philosophy) --- Nature --- Nature, Philosophy of --- Natural theology --- Creation --- Emergence (Philosophy) --- Agency (Philosophy) --- Agents --- Person (Philosophy) --- Act (Philosophy) --- Darwin, Charles, Robert --- Darwin, Charles
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The components of living systems strike us as functional-as for the sake of certain ends--and as endowed with specific norms of performance. The mammalian eye, for example, has the function of perceiving and processing light, and possession of this property tempts us to claim that token eyes are supposed to perceive and process light. That is, we tend to evaluate the performance of token eyes against the norm described in the attributed functional property. Hence the norms of nature.What, then, are the norms of nature? Whence do they arise? Out of what natural properties or relations are they constituted? In Norms of Nature, Paul Sheldon Davies argues against the prevailing view that natural norms are constituted out of some form of historical success--usually success in natural selection. He defends the view that functions are nothing more than effects that contribute to the exercise of some more general systemic capacity. Natural functions exist insofar as the components of natural systems contribute to the exercise of systemic capacities. This is so irrespective of the system's history. Even if the mammalian eye had never been selected for, it would have the function of perceiving and processing light, because those are the effects that contribute to the exercise of the visual system. The systemic approach to conceptualizing natural norms, claims Davies, is superior to the historical approach in several important ways. Especially significant is that it helps us understand how the attribution of functions within the life sciences coheres with the methods and ontology of the natural sciences generally.
Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Biology - General --- Natural selection. --- Naturalism. --- Naturalism --- Natural selection --- Darwinism --- Selection, Natural --- Philosophy. --- PHILOSOPHY/Philosophy of Science & Technology --- Materialism --- Mechanism (Philosophy) --- Philosophy --- Positivism --- Science --- Genetics --- Variation (Biology) --- Biological invasions --- Evolution (Biology) --- Heredity --- Vitalism
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Being human while trying to scientifically study human nature confronts us with our most vexing problem. Efforts to explicate the human mind are thwarted by our cultural biases and entrenched infirmities; our first-person experiences as practical agents convince us that we have capacities beyond the reach of scientific explanation. What we need to move forward in our understanding of human agency, Paul Sheldon Davies argues, is a reform in the way we study ourselves and a long overdue break with traditional humanist thinking. Davies locates a model for change in
Agent (Philosophy) --- Evolution. --- Philosophy of nature. --- Teleology. --- Design in natural phenomena, Study of --- Final cause --- Philosophy --- Causation --- Evolution --- Necessity (Philosophy) --- Nature --- Nature, Philosophy of --- Natural theology --- Creation --- Emergence (Philosophy) --- Teleology --- Agency (Philosophy) --- Agents --- Person (Philosophy) --- Act (Philosophy) --- Darwin, Charles, --- Darwin, Charles, Robert --- Literary style. --- agency, darwin, science, psychology, neuroscience, bias, cognition, human mind, nature, evolution, teleology, exploration, naturalism, reform, imperialism, conservatism, evolutionary biology, purpose, concept location project, moral responsibility, free will, freedom, independence, individualism, superiority, nonfiction, philosophy, self, natural world, environment, environmentalism, libertarianism.
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Although there is an obvious association between pilgrimage and place, relatively little research has centred directly on the role of architecture. Architecture and Pilgrimage, 1000-1500: Southern Europe and Beyond synthesizes the work of a distinguished international group of scholars. It takes a broad view of architecture, to include cities, routes, ritual topographies and human interaction with the natural environment, as well as specific buildings and shrines, and considers how these were perceived, represented and remembered. The essays explore both the ways in which the physical embodiment of pilgrimage cultures is shared, and what we can learn from the differences. The chosen period reflects the flowering of medieval and early modern pilgrimage. The perspective is that of the pilgrim journeying within - or embarking from - Southern Europe, with a particular emphasis on Italy. The book pursues the connections between pilgrimage and architecture through the investigation of such issues as theology, liturgy, patronage, miracles and healing, relics, and individual and communal memory. Moreover, it explores how pilgrimage may be regarded on various levels, from a physical journey towards a holy site to a more symbolic and internalized idea of pilgrimage of the soul.
Religious architecture --- pilgrimage churches [buildings] --- religious buildings --- Christian special devotions --- South Europe --- Christian pilgrims and pilgrimages. --- Europe, Southern --- 72 <09> --- 72 <09> Architectuurgeschiedenis. Bouwgeschiedenis --- Architectuurgeschiedenis. Bouwgeschiedenis --- Christian pilgrims and pilgrimages --- Sacred space --- Holy places --- Places, Sacred --- Sacred places --- Sacred sites --- Sacred spaces --- Sites, Sacred --- Space, Sacred --- Holy, The --- Religion and geography --- Pilgrims and pilgrimages, Christian --- Christian shrines --- Pilgrims and pilgrimages --- History --- Sacred space. --- Christians pilgrims and pilgrimages --- Geschichte 1000-1500. --- Pèlerins et pèlerinages chrétiens --- Lieux sacrés --- Histoire --- Christian pilgrims and pilgrimages - Europe, Southern - History - To 1500 --- Sacred space - Europe, Southern - History - To 1500 --- Pèlerinages --- Sanctuaires
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