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In Turkey, female employment and education are still relatively low, while fertility levels are high compared with other European countries. However, Turkey stands just at the edge of an important social transition. Increasing female education and employment come along with important decreases in fertility. By mobilizing census and survey data, this paper finds that fertility decreases are mainly caused by fewer transitions to a third birth. Graduate women participating in the formal labor market are most at risk of deciding against child arrival in comparison with inactive or unemployed women. The third rank is particularly concerned, as women's income contribution seems to be crucial for many families that already have two children, and the arrival of a third child risks reducing or stopping women's working activities in the absence of institutional childcare support. Policies enabling women to combine work and family life, which have been proven effective in other European countries, emerge as useful to avoid a further fertility decline below replacement level in Turkey.
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In Turkey, female employment and education are still relatively low, while fertility levels are high compared with other European countries. However, Turkey stands just at the edge of an important social transition. Increasing female education and employment come along with important decreases in fertility. By mobilizing census and survey data, this paper finds that fertility decreases are mainly caused by fewer transitions to a third birth. Graduate women participating in the formal labor market are most at risk of deciding against child arrival in comparison with inactive or unemployed women. The third rank is particularly concerned, as women's income contribution seems to be crucial for many families that already have two children, and the arrival of a third child risks reducing or stopping women's working activities in the absence of institutional childcare support. Policies enabling women to combine work and family life, which have been proven effective in other European countries, emerge as useful to avoid a further fertility decline below replacement level in Turkey.
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En Afrique subsaharienne, les dynamiques démographiques ne sont pas connues avec précision en raison d'un manque criant de données, alors que les informations statistiques disponibles - en particulier les recensements de population - ne sont pas exploitées à leur plein potentiel. Traitant des différentes thématiques, cet ouvrage est structuré suivant divers objectifs méthodologiques : archivage des enquêtes ; comparabilité des indicateurs et confrontation des sources ; dynamiques démographiques et mobilisation de nouvelles sources de données ; analyse des dynamiques à un niveau désagrégé et enfin ; réflexion sur l'éthique et le partenariat. Pour valoriser ces données, le projet Demography Statistics for Africa (DEMOSTAF) a regroupé, pendant 4 ans, un consortium international de 14 centres de recherche et 4 instituts de statistiques autour d'un programme de mobilité internationale. Il a aussi soutenu des projets destinés à répondre à des questions contemporaines autour de la fécondité, de la santé, de la famille et de l'éducation. Cet ouvrage intéressera autant le milieu de la recherche scientifique que les acteurs des pouvoirs publics et des agences internationales qui travaillent en Afrique.
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