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This book is dedicated to advances in the field of user authentication. The book covers detailed description of the authentication process as well as types of authentication modalities along with their several features (authentication factors). It discusses the use of these modalities in a time-varying operating environment, including factors such as devices, media and surrounding conditions, like light, noise, etc. The book is divided into several parts that cover descriptions of several biometric and non-biometric authentication modalities, single factor and multi-factor authentication systems (mainly, adaptive), negative authentication system, etc. Adaptive strategy ensures the incorporation of the existing environmental conditions on the selection of authentication factors and provides significant diversity in the selection process. The contents of this book will prove useful to practitioners, researchers and students. The book is suited to be used a text in advanced/graduate courses on User Authentication Modalities. It can also be used as a textbook for professional development and certification coursework for practicing engineers and computer scientists. .

Computer science. --- Informatics --- Computer security. --- Data structures (Computer science). --- Coding theory. --- Biometrics (Biology). --- Computer Science. --- Coding and Information Theory. --- Systems and Data Security. --- Data Storage Representation. --- Biometrics. --- Science --- Computer privacy --- Computer system security --- Computer systems --- Computers --- Cyber security --- Cybersecurity --- Electronic digital computers --- Protection of computer systems --- Security of computer systems --- Data protection --- Security systems --- Hacking --- Data compression (Telecommunication) --- Digital electronics --- Information theory --- Machine theory --- Signal theory (Telecommunication) --- Computer programming --- Protection --- Security measures --- Information theory. --- Biological statistics --- Biology --- Biometrics (Biology) --- Biostatistics --- Biomathematics --- Statistics --- Information structures (Computer science) --- Structures, Data (Computer science) --- Structures, Information (Computer science) --- Electronic data processing --- File organization (Computer science) --- Abstract data types (Computer science) --- Communication theory --- Communication --- Cybernetics --- Statistical methods

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Economic reforms in the Indian economy have raised new challenges and a fresh theoretical approach is required to study these in detail. This book analyses the emerging economic issues such as corruption, financial scams, poverty measurement, voting behaviour, informal credit markets, technology transfer, and farmers' suicides through the use of applied economics and advance game-theory models.

Development economics --- Economic development --- Business & Economics --- Economic Theory --- Developing countries --- Economic conditions.

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The two volume set LNCS 3102/3103 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, GECCO 2004, held in Seattle, WA, USA, in June 2004. The 230 revised full papers and 104 poster papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 460 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on artificial life, adaptive behavior, agents, and ant colony optimization; artificial immune systems, biological applications; coevolution; evolutionary robotics; evolution strategies and evolutionary programming; evolvable hardware; genetic algorithms; genetic programming; learning classifier systems; real world applications; and search-based software engineering.

Genetic algorithms --- Parallel processing (Electronic computers) --- Data processing --- Evolutionary computation. --- Genetic computation. --- GAs (Algorithms) --- Genetic searches (Algorithms) --- Computer science. --- Microprocessors. --- Computers. --- Algorithms. --- Computer science --- Artificial intelligence. --- Bioinformatics. --- Computer Science. --- Computation by Abstract Devices. --- Algorithm Analysis and Problem Complexity. --- Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics). --- Processor Architectures. --- Discrete Mathematics in Computer Science. --- Mathematics. --- Computer Science, general. --- Algorithms --- Combinatorial optimization --- Evolutionary computation --- Genetic programming (Computer science) --- Learning classifier systems --- Computer software. --- Computational complexity. --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Bio-informatics --- Biological informatics --- Biology --- Information science --- Computational biology --- Systems biology --- Complexity, Computational --- Electronic data processing --- Machine theory --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Logic machines --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Software, Computer --- Computer systems --- Informatics --- Science --- Computer science—Mathematics. --- Minicomputers --- Algorism --- Algebra --- Arithmetic --- Automatic computers --- Automatic data processors --- Computer hardware --- Computing machines (Computers) --- Electronic calculating-machines --- Electronic computers --- Hardware, Computer --- Cybernetics --- Calculators --- Cyberspace --- Foundations --- Genetic algorithms - Data processing - Congresses --- Parallel processing (Electronic computers) - Congresses

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Computer. Automation