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Many governments are heavily exposed to oil price risk, especially those dependent on revenue derived from oil production. For these governments, dealing with large price movements is difficult and costly. Traditional approaches, such as stabilization funds, are inherently flawed. Oil risk markets could be a solution. These markets have matured greatly in the last decade, and their range and depth could allow even substantial producers, and consumers, to hedge their oil price risk. Yet governments have held back from using these markets, mainly for fear of the political cost and lack of know how. This suggests that the IMF, together with other development agencies, should consider encouraging governments to explore the scope for hedging their oil price risk.

Banks and Banking --- Investments: Energy --- Investments: Futures --- Macroeconomics --- Taxation --- Incomes Policy --- Price Policy --- Energy: Government Policy --- Energy: Demand and Supply --- Prices --- Financing Policy --- Financial Risk and Risk Management --- Capital and Ownership Structure --- Value of Firms --- Goodwill --- Pension Funds --- Non-bank Financial Institutions --- Financial Instruments --- Institutional Investors --- Energy: General --- Business Taxes and Subsidies --- Financial services law & regulation --- Finance --- Investment & securities --- Public finance & taxation --- Oil prices --- Hedging --- Futures --- Oil --- Oil, gas and mining taxes --- Financial regulation and supervision --- Financial institutions --- Commodities --- Taxes --- Financial risk management --- Derivative securities --- Petroleum industry and trade --- Mexico

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Cette brochure (qui actualise la brochure initiale de 1995, « Ajustement budgétaire : principes directeurs ») présente la démarche du FMI en matière d’ajustement budgétaire et le rôle qu’une position saine des finances publiques joue dans la recherche de la stabilité macroéconomique et de la croissance. Elle aborde des thèmes tels que la politique fiscale, la viabilité de la dette, la réglementation de la responsabilité budgétaire et la transparence. Elle est structurée autour de cinq questions : quand faut-il mettre en œuvre l’ajustement budgétaire ? Comment faut-il évaluer la position budgétaire ? Comment assurer la réussite de l’ajustement budgétaire ? Comment mettre en œuvre l’ajustement budgétaire? Comment les institutions peuvent-elles appuyer l’ajustement budgétaire ?.

Fiscal policy --- Economic stabilization --- Political Science --- Law, Politics & Government --- Public Finance --- Tax policy --- Taxation --- Economic policy --- Finance, Public --- Adjustment, Economic --- Business stabilization --- Economic adjustment --- Stabilization, Economic --- Government policy --- Budgeting --- Macroeconomics --- Health Policy --- Natural Resources --- Fiscal Policy --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Public Administration --- Public Sector Accounting and Audits --- Public finance & taxation --- Financial administration & public finance law --- Health systems & services --- Environmental management --- Expenditure --- Public debt --- Fiscal consolidation --- Public financial management (PFM) --- Expenditures, Public --- Debts, Public --- Revenue --- Denmark

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Este folleto (que actualiza las Directrices de 1995 para el ajuste fiscal) presenta el enfoque del FMI con respecto al ajuste fiscal, y se centra en la importancia de la solidez de las finanzas públicas para promover la estabilidad macroeconómica y el crecimiento. Está estructurado en torno a cinco preguntas prácticas: cuándo realizar un ajuste, cómo evaluar la situación fiscal, cuáles son los factores que determinan el éxito del ajuste, cómo realizar el ajuste y qué instituciones facilitan el ajuste. Aborda temas tales como las políticas tributarias, la sostenibilidad de la deuda, las leyes de responsabilidad fiscal y la transparencia.

Budgeting --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Health Policy --- Natural Resources --- Fiscal Policy --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Public Administration --- Public Sector Accounting and Audits --- Public finance & taxation --- Financial administration & public finance law --- Health systems & services --- Environmental management --- Fiscal policy --- Expenditure --- Public debt --- Fiscal consolidation --- Public financial management (PFM) --- Expenditures, Public --- Debts, Public --- Finance, Public --- Revenue --- Denmark

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Foreign trade. International trade --- Sea transport. Seaports

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