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Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz was an outstanding contributor to many fields of human knowledge. The historiography of philosophy has tagged him as a “rationalist”. But what does this exactly mean? Is he a “rationalist” in the same sense in Mathematics and Politics, in Physics and Jurisprudence, in Metaphysics and Theology, in Logic and Linguistics, in Technology and Medicine, in Epistemology and Ethics? What are the most significant features of his “rationalism”, whatever it is? For the first time an outstanding group of Leibniz researchers, some acknowledged as leading scholars, others in the beginning of a promising career, who specialize in the most significant areas of Leibniz’s contributions to human thought and action, were requested to spell out the nature of his rationalism in each of these areas, with a view to provide a comprehensive picture of what it amounts to, both in its general drive and in its specific features and eventual inner tensions. The chapters of the book are the result of intense discussion in the course of an international conference focused on the title question of this book, and were selected in view of their contribution to this topic. They are clustered in thematically organized parts. No effort has been made to hide the controversies underlying the different interpretations of Leibniz’s “rationalism” – in each particular domain and as a whole. On the contrary, the editor firmly believes that only through a variety of conflicting interpretive perspectives can the multi-faceted nature of an oeuvre of such a magnitude and variety as Leibniz’s be brought to light and understood as it deserves.

Rationalism. --- Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, --- Philosophy. --- History. --- Ethics. --- Modern philosophy. --- Political science. --- Religion --- Modern Philosophy. --- History of Science. --- Philosophy of Law. --- Philosophy of Religion. --- Administration --- Civil government --- Commonwealth, The --- Government --- Political theory --- Political thought --- Politics --- Science, Political --- Social sciences --- State, The --- Modern philosophy --- Deontology --- Ethics, Primitive --- Ethology --- Moral philosophy --- Morality --- Morals --- Philosophy, Moral --- Science, Moral --- Philosophy --- Values --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Mental philosophy --- Humanities --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Belief and doubt --- Deism --- Free thought --- Realism --- Leibnitz, Gottfried Wilhelm --- Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm --- Philosophy, modern. --- Philosophy of law. --- Religion—Philosophy. --- Philosophy, Modern. --- Science --- Law --- Early Modern Philosophy. --- Moral Philosophy and Applied Ethics. --- Jurisprudence

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In spite, or perhaps because of, the ongoing cultural, economic, and political uniformization of the world, relativism has risen to the top of the agenda of philosophy and other disciplines. To what extent does cultural diversity affect the activity and the products of philosophizing and of social science? Can there be convergence of worldviews and conceptual frameworks across cultural boundaries? Can there be mutual understanding across them in spite of diversity? These and other questions prompted by the recent upsurge of relativism are tackled in original essays by philosophers and social scientists. The special focus and interest of the book lies in its attempt to confront North and Latin American perspectives on these issues. The four parts of the book ( Relativism: transformation or death? A glimpse of variety: Philosophical experiences and worldviews in Latin America; Nature, Culture and Art ; and Crossing conceptual frameworks ) discuss different, though intertwined, aspects of the challenge of relativism.

Cultural relativism --- Ethnocentrism --- Ethnocentrisme --- Philosophy --- -Ethnocentrism --- -130.2 --- Ethnopsychology --- Nationalism --- Prejudices --- Race --- Relativism, Cultural --- Ethnology --- Relativity --- Filosofie van de cultuur. Cultuurfilosofie. Cultuursystemen. Kultuurfilosofie --- 130.2 Filosofie van de cultuur. Cultuurfilosofie. Cultuursystemen. Kultuurfilosofie --- 130.2 --- Latin America --- North America --- Ethnocentrism - North America --- Ethnocentrism - Latin America --- Cultural relativism - Philosophy

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Our species has been hunting for meaning ever since we departed from our cousins in the evolutionary tree. We developed sophisticated forms of communication. Yet, as much as they can convey meaning and foster understanding, they can also hide meaning and prevent comprehension. Indeed, we can never be sure that a "yes" conveys assent or that a smile reveals pleasure. In order to ascertain what communicative behavior "means", we have to go through an elaborate cognitive process of interpretation.This book deals with how we achieve the daily miracle of understanding each other. Based on the author 's contributions to pragmatics, the book articulates his perspective using the insights of linguistics, the philosophy of language and rhetoric, and confronting alternatives to it. Theory formation is shaped by application to fields of human activity - such as legal practice, artificial intelligence, psychoanalysis, the media, literature, aesthetics, ethics and politics - where interpretation and understanding are paramount. Using an accessible language, this is a book addressed to specialists as well as to anyone interested in interpreting understanding and understanding the potentialities and limits of interpretation.

Pragmatics. --- Communication. --- Comprehension. --- Begrijpen --- Communicatie --- Communication --- Communication [Primitive ] --- Communication humaine --- Comprehension --- Mass communication --- Pragmatics --- Pragmatiek --- Pragmatique --- Understanding --- Lexicology. Semantics --- Compréhension --- Apperception --- Learning, Psychology of --- Memory --- Communication, Primitive --- Sociology --- Pragmalinguistics --- General semantics --- Language and languages --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical --- Semantics (Philosophy) --- Philosophy

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Why was Leibniz so deeply interested in signs and language? What role does this interest play in his philosophical system? In the essays here collected, Marcello Dascal attempts to tackle these questions from different angles. They bring to light aspects of Leibniz's work on these and related issues which have been so far neglected. As a rule they take as their starting point Leibniz's early writings (some unpublished, some only available in Latin) on characters and cognition, on definition, on truth, on memory, on grammar, on the specific problems of religious discourse, and so on. An effort

Philosophy of language --- Semiotics --- Leibniz, von, Gottfried W. --- Linguistics --- Thought and thinking --- Mind --- Thinking --- Thoughts --- Educational psychology --- Philosophy --- Psychology --- Intellect --- Logic --- Perception --- Psycholinguistics --- Self --- Semeiotics --- Semiology (Linguistics) --- Semantics --- Signs and symbols --- Structuralism (Literary analysis) --- Linguistic science --- Science of language --- Language and languages --- Leibniz, Gottfried wilhelm Freiherr von --- -Contributions in concept of subjectivity --- -Congresses --- Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, --- Leibnitz, Gottfried Wilhelm --- Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm --- Semiotics. --- Linguistics. --- Thought and thinking.

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