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Before Jim Crow: The Politics of Race in Postemancipation Virginia

African Americans --- Race awareness --- Reconstruction (U.S. history, 1865-1877) --- Sex role --- Slaves --- Social classes --- Civil rights --- History --- Politics and government --- Political aspects --- Emancipation --- Virginia --- Race relations --- Enslaved persons --- Gender role --- Class distinction --- Classes, Social --- Rank --- Afro-Americans --- Black Americans --- Colored people (United States) --- Negroes --- Commonwealth of Virginia --- Old Dominion --- Sodruzhestvo Virdzhiniĭ --- Virdzhinii︠a︡ --- Colony and Dominion of Virginia --- Colony of Virginia --- Virginia Colony --- Persons --- Slavery --- Sex (Psychology) --- Sex differences (Psychology) --- Social role --- Gender expression --- Sexism --- Caste --- Estates (Social orders) --- Social status --- Class consciousness --- Classism --- Social stratification --- Awareness --- Ethnopsychology --- Ethnic attitudes --- Africans --- Ethnology --- Blacks --- West Virginia --- Northwest Territory --- Kentucky --- Virginia (Reorganized government : 1861-1863) --- Black people --- Gender roles --- Gendered role --- Gendered roles --- Role, Gender --- Role, Gendered --- Role, Sex --- Roles, Gender --- Roles, Gendered --- Roles, Sex --- Sex roles

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White supremacy shaped all aspects of post-Civil War southern life, yet its power was never complete or total. The form of segregation and subjection nicknamed Jim Crow constantly had to remake itself over time even as white southern politicians struggled to extend its grip. Here, some of the most innovative scholars of southern history question Jim Crow's sway, evolution, and methods over the course of a century. These essays bring to life the southern men and women--some heroic and decent, others mean and sinister, most a mixture of both--who supported and challenged Jim Crow, showing that white supremacy always had to prove its power. Jim Crow was always in motion, always adjusting to meet resistance and defiance by both African Americans and whites. Sometimes white supremacists responded with increased ferocity, sometimes with more subtle political and legal ploys. Jumpin' Jim Crow presents a clear picture of this complex negotiation. For example, even as some black and white women launched the strongest attacks on the system, other white women nurtured myths glorifying white supremacy. Even as elite whites blamed racial violence on poor whites, they used Jim Crow to dominate poor whites as well as blacks. Most important, the book portrays change over time, suggesting that Strom Thurmond is not a simple reincarnation of Ben Tillman and that Rosa Parks was not the first black woman to say no to Jim Crow. From a study of the segregation of household consumption to a fresh look at critical elections, from an examination of an unlikely antilynching campaign to an analysis of how miscegenation laws tried to sexualize black political power, these essays about specific southern times and places exemplify the latest trends in historical research. Its rich, accessible content makes Jumpin' Jim Crow an ideal undergraduate reader on American history, while its methodological innovations will be emulated by scholars of political history generally. In addition to the editors, the contributors are Edward L. Ayers, Elsa Barkley Brown, W. Fitzhugh Brundage, Laura F. Edwards, Kari Frederickson, David F. Godshalk, Grace Elizabeth Hale, Jacquelyn Dowd Hall, Stephen Kantrowitz, Nancy MacLean, Nell Irwin Painter, and Timothy B. Tyson.

African Americans --- Civil rights --- Southern States --- History --- Politics and government --- 1865 --- -Southern States --- Race relations --- Social conditions --- Sex role --- HISTORY / United States / General. --- History. --- Abernathy, Mary. --- Arkansas. --- Barnes, Mary. --- Butler, Matthew. --- Chamberlain, Daniel. --- Dare, Virginia. --- Douglass, Frederick. --- Edmonds, Richard. --- Edwards, Griffin. --- Forrester, Richard. --- Georgia. --- Hampton, Wade. --- Hinton, Mary Hilliard. --- Jews. --- Johnson, Andrew. --- Lebsock, Suzanne. --- Little Rock, Ark. --- Mahone, William. --- McFadden, Ida Caldwell. --- New Deal. --- North Carolina. --- Parker, John. --- Progressivism. --- South Carolina. --- anti-Semitism. --- black codes. --- child labor. --- consumption. --- federal intervention. --- general stores. --- ministers. --- patronage. --- racial terrorism. --- Gender role --- Sex (Psychology) --- Sex differences (Psychology) --- Social role --- Gender expression --- Sexism --- Afro-Americans --- Black Americans --- Colored people (United States) --- Negroes --- Africans --- Ethnology --- Blacks --- Black people --- Race relations. --- Social conditions. --- Gender roles --- Gendered role --- Gendered roles --- Role, Gender --- Role, Gendered --- Role, Sex --- Roles, Gender --- Roles, Gendered --- Roles, Sex --- Sex roles --- U.S. --- RACE RELATIONS --- POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT

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