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Originally published in 1990, Polish Journalists: Professionalism and Politics is a study of how, in the face of constant political instructions and restrictions, Polish journalists act as independent forces in their society. Based on a survey of Polish journalists and interviews carried out with working journalists and editors before and after the Solidarity era, as well as published and unpublished studies, documents, and discussions, the book examines how individuals who go into journalism come to think of themselves as journalists, create a strong community of fellow professionals, and work publicly and privately to protect their own interests and serve their own goal of being the 'watchdogs and advocates for a better society'. In doing this, the book answers questions of how groups come to be independent critical forces lobbying for their own interests and influencing broader public policy when the ideology denies their existence.

Journalism --- -Journalism --- -Journalistic ethics --- -Journalists --- -Mass media --- -Mass communication --- Media, Mass --- Media, The --- Communication --- Columnists --- Commentators --- Authors --- Professional ethics --- Writing (Authorship) --- Literature --- Publicity --- Political aspects --- -Social aspects --- -Biography --- -Moral and ethical aspects --- Journalistic ethics --- Journalists --- Mass media --- Social aspects --- Biography. --- -Political aspects --- -Columnists --- Mass communication --- Fake news --- Biography --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Poland --- 19th century --- Social Sciences --- Sociology

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Anti-communist movements --- Communism --- History --- Poland --- Politics and government --- 20th century --- 1945-1980 --- 1980-1989 --- Poland - Politics and government - 1945-1980.

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Freedom of the press --- #SBIB:309H1814 --- #SBIB:309H1813 --- Censorship of the press --- Liberty of the press --- Press --- Press censorship --- Censorship --- Freedom of expression --- Government and the press --- Pers: politieke, juridische, ethische, ideologische aspecten (o.a. censuur, persvrijheid) --- Geschiedenis en/of organisatie van het perswezen: algemeen en per land (met inbegrip van de rol van het perswezen in de ontwikkelingsproblematiek) --- Law and legislation --- Freedom of the press.

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Summarizes the major features of the Polish media system, describes the specific roles and editorial processes of major types of media, and analyzes the relationship between divergences of view that appear in the media and intra-elite discussion, debate, and controversy. Conclusions are presented for Western analysts, whose understanding of Polish affairs is based at least partly on a reading of the open Polish media. The report emphasizes the process by which politically significant material appears in the media of a Communist country, in contrast to earlier studies, which are generally based on content analysis. The principal data source is information obtained from extensive interviews with emigres formerly involved in the media process, as writers, journalists, editors, censors, and government and Party officials. Detailed analyses and documentation of the research are presented in companion Notes N-1514/1, N-1514/2, N-1514/3, N-1514/4, N-1514/5.

Communication in politics --- Mass media --- Elite (Social sciences) --- Press, Communist --- Political aspects