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Higher education has thrived in Europe for the last three decades supported by the powerful policy narratives of the European construction and knowledge society. The two together called for better-integrated societies with higher economic competitiveness, superior employment, and social cohesion. Extraordinary developments in higher education during this time have also been made possible by what looked like a triumphal march of democracy. This volume sketches a vivid picture of the state of higher education in Europe almost 30 years after the fall of the Berlin Wall. The emphasis is on the role of the Bologna Process, which is soon to turn 20 years old (a respectable age for any reform process). The authors document long-term transformations and recent cracks in the established higher education pathways and the broader policy narratives that supported them for the last 20-30 years. New developments begin to affect the course of higher education. They come, once again, from outside rather than from within higher education. In some places in Europe, instead of democratic progress, we now witness authoritarianism, populism, or what is called with cynical self-flattery “illiberal democracy”; instead of Europe - Brexit; instead of policies for economic advancement and shared benefits, we witness attempts to institutionalize corruption at state level; an unprecedented mass movement of people raises unprecedented challenges on the continent. These are not tendencies emerging everywhere in Europe and not to the same degree every time. And yet, they contribute to define a shift, a new political atmosphere, with a larger spectrum of political regimes but with democratic recession. Are we witnessing the advent of a new era? If so, that raises questions regarding the future of higher education, some of which are addressed in this volume. How will this new historical situation influence higher education? What can be done in higher education, building on what has been already achieved in these past years, including the Bologna Process itself, to benefit citizens, institutions, countries, and Europe as a whole?

Education. --- International education. --- Comparative education. --- Educational policy. --- ducation and state. --- Higher education. --- Higher Education. --- International and Comparative Education. --- Educational Policy and Politics. --- College students --- Higher education --- Postsecondary education --- Universities and colleges --- Children --- Education, Primitive --- Education of children --- Human resource development --- Instruction --- Pedagogy --- Schooling --- Students --- Youth --- Civilization --- Learning and scholarship --- Mental discipline --- Schools --- Teaching --- Training --- Education --- Education policy --- Educational policy --- State and education --- Social policy --- Endowment of research --- Education, Comparative --- Global education --- Intellectual cooperation --- Internationalism --- Government policy --- History --- Education, Higher. --- International education . --- Education and state. --- International education  --- Comparative education --- Education and state

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This open access book includes a series of relevant policy research articles, elaborared in the framework of the “Quality in higher education: internationalisation and databases to enhance the Romanian education system” project, implemented by the Executive Agency for Higher Education, Research, Development and Innovation Funding (UEFISCDI), together with the Ministry of Education. The project aims to develop and implement systemic measures at tertiary education level, leading to an increased quality of the overall higher education system and universities better prepared for labour market requirements and international standards. The book focuses on areas of interest for Romanian higher education, such as systemic measures to improve access, participation and completion for (vulnerable) students, better promotion of the Romanian higher education to attract students, as well as instruments for a more efficient use of data at higher education level. Each article includes evidence-based policy proposals that could support new strategic initiatives in higher education, including new legislation. Additionally, the collection of articles tells a comprehensive story about the audacity of a higher education system which went through significant challenges to align itself with both European and international trends, as well as respond to national imperatives. Over the last three decades, since the fall of the Iron Curtain, Romanian higher education has undergone significant transformations, aiming to align itself to the latest developments and trends at European and international level. The National Law on Education no. 1/2011 has set the stage for a full implementation of the Bologna Process action lines, taking into account that Romania was already a part of the largest European intergovernmental process – currently the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) – as a founding member. However, since the adoption of this normative framework, the law suffered numerous amendments, making it challenging to observe and achieve coherence in its implementation. Furthermore, Romania is also currently redesigning the strategy for the alocation of European structural funds 2021-2027, based on two strategic documents - the new Education and Employment Operational Programme and the National Recovery and Resilience Plan which highlight the reform and investment priorities at a national level. At the same time, 2021 is a good time to analyze the level of implementation for the objectives and measures included in the National Strategy for Tertiary Education 2015-2020, the Europe 2020 Strategy, and the Bologna Process action lines in the 2010 – 2020 timeframe. Therefore, the present moment may be an important time to assess the impact of strategic documents and actions in the last decade and, possibly, to draft a new National Education Law, better adapted to current realities, starting from the recent initiative by the President of Romania – the Educated Romania strategic vision which was also politically assumed by the Romanian Government.

Educació superior --- Romania --- Educació universitària --- Ensenyament superior --- Ensenyament universitari --- Estudis superiors --- Estudis universitaris --- Etapes educatives --- Abandó dels estudis (Educació superior) --- Competències transversals --- Educació clàssica --- Educació superior transfronterera --- Ensenyament de la biblioteconomia --- Estudis de postgrau --- Extensió universitària --- Lectura (Educació superior) --- Orientació en l'educació superior --- Primer cicle d'ensenyament universitari --- Seminaris --- Tercer cicle d'ensenyament universitari --- Campus virtuals --- Escrits acadèmics --- Pràcticums --- Universitats --- Europa de l'Est --- Bucovina (Romania i Ucraïna) --- Dobrudja (Europa : Regió) --- Galati (Romania : Judet) --- Maramureş (Romania) --- Oradea (Romania) --- Rosia Montana (Romania) --- Suceava (Romania) --- Timisoara (Romania) --- Transsilvània (Romania : Regió) --- Dàcia --- Romanian Higher Education --- Future Direction of European Higher Education --- Internationalization of Higher Education --- Digital Technology in Higher Education --- Educational Policy Romania --- European Policies Higher Education --- Iași (Romania) --- Romania.

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Romania is an active player in various international higher education areas, while undergoing a  series of higher education reforms within its national framework. The Higher Education Evidence Based Policy Making: a necessary premise for progress in Romania project was implemented by the Executive Agency for Higher Education, Research, Development and Innovation Funding (UEFISCDI) in the timeframe February 2012 – February 2014, being co-financed by the European Social Fund through the Operational Programme “Administrative Capacity Development”. The project aimed to increase the capacity of public administration for evidence-based policy making in the field of higher education, while focusing on good practices at international level and impact assessment. With the contribution of the national and international experts, the project has generated a number of analysis and studies on the existing higher education public policies (quality assurance, internationalisation, equity, data collection, the Bologna Process, financing of higher education). Based on the results of the project, the book will reunite a number of policy research articles which would tap into the innovative aspects of the project's activities and provide a concise overview of what good practices can be drawn from the empirical research conducted in this project. The book will therefore aim to improve the information on Romanian higher education reforms, as well as on the concrete evidence-based policy proposals which could be transformed into future policy solutions in the Romanian higher education system.

Education. --- Higher Education. --- Educational Policy and Politics. --- International and Comparative Education. --- Education, Higher. --- Education --- Enseignement supérieur --- Social Sciences --- Theory & Practice of Education --- Education, Higher --- College students --- Higher education --- International education. --- Comparative education. --- Educational policy. --- ducation and state. --- Higher education. --- Education and state. --- Postsecondary education --- Universities and colleges --- Education policy --- Educational policy --- State and education --- Social policy --- Endowment of research --- Education, Comparative --- Global education --- Intellectual cooperation --- Internationalism --- Children --- Education, Primitive --- Education of children --- Human resource development --- Instruction --- Pedagogy --- Schooling --- Students --- Youth --- Civilization --- Learning and scholarship --- Mental discipline --- Schools --- Teaching --- Training --- Government policy --- History --- International education . --- Higher Education --- Educational Policy and Politics --- International and Comparative Education --- International higher education arena --- Higher education reforms --- UEFISCDI --- Evidence-based policy making --- Higher education in Romania --- Higher education public policies

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Bridging the gap between higher education research and policy making was always a challenge, but the recent calls for more evidence-based policies have opened a window of unprecedented opportunity for researchers to bring more contributions to shaping the future of the European Higher Education Area (EHEA). Encouraged by the success of the 2011 first edition, Romania and Armenia have organised a 2nd edition of the Future of Higher Education – Bologna Process Researchers’ Conference (FOHE-BPRC) in November 2014, with the support of the Italian Presidency of the European Union and as part of the official EHEA agenda. Reuniting over 170 researchers from more than 30 countries, the event was a forum to debate the trends and challenges faced by higher education today and look at the future of European cooperation in higher education. The research volumes offer unique insights regarding the state of affairs of European higher education and research, as well as forward-looking policy proposals. More than 50 articles focus on essential themes in higher education: Internationalization of higher education; Financing and governance; Excellence and the diversification of missions; Teaching, learning and student engagement; Equity and the social dimension of higher education; Education, research and innovation; Quality assurance, The impacts of the Bologna Process on the EHEA and beyond and Evidence-based policies in higher education. "The Bologna process was launched at a time of great optimism about the future of the European project – to which, of course, the reform of higher education across the continent has made a major contribution. Today, for the present, that optimism has faded as economic troubles have accumulated in the Euro-zone, political tensions have been increased on issues such as immigration and armed conflict has broken out in Ukraine. There is clearly a risk that, against this troubled background, the Bologna process itself may falter. There are already signs that it has been downgraded in some countries with evidence of political withdrawal. All the more reason for the voice of higher education researchers to be heard. Since the first conference they have established themselves as powerful stakeholders in the development of the EHEA, who are helping to maintain the momentum of the Bologna process. Their pivotal role has been strengthened by the second Bucharest conference." Peter Scott, Institute of Education, London (General Rapporteur of the FOHE-BPRC first edition).

Theory & Practice of Education --- Education --- Social Sciences --- Education. --- International education. --- Comparative education. --- Educational policy. --- ducation and state. --- Higher education. --- Higher Education. --- Educational Policy and Politics. --- International and Comparative Education. --- Education and state. --- College students --- Higher education --- Postsecondary education --- Universities and colleges --- Education policy --- Educational policy --- State and education --- Social policy --- Endowment of research --- Education, Comparative --- Global education --- Intellectual cooperation --- Internationalism --- Children --- Education, Primitive --- Education of children --- Human resource development --- Instruction --- Pedagogy --- Schooling --- Students --- Youth --- Civilization --- Learning and scholarship --- Mental discipline --- Schools --- Teaching --- Training --- Government policy --- History --- Education, Higher. --- International education . --- Higher Education --- Educational Policy and Politics --- International and Comparative Education

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