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Argentina has committed itself to a reform of its revenue-sharing system. This paper examines this system and the issues involved in its redesign, and discusses the pros and cons of various options with a view to specifying a preferred approach.

Public Finance --- Taxation --- State and Local Government --- Intergovernmental Relations: General --- Intergovernmental Relations --- Federalism --- Secession --- Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Business Taxes and Subsidies --- Fiscal Policy --- Public finance & taxation --- Macroeconomics --- Welfare & benefit systems --- Revenue administration --- Income and capital gains taxes --- Value-added tax --- Fiscal federalism --- Social security contributions --- Taxes --- Fiscal policy --- Revenue --- Income tax --- Spendings tax --- Social security --- Argentina

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Under Article IV of the IMF’s Articles of Agreement, the IMF holds bilateral discussions with members, usually every year. In the context of the 2012 Article IV consultation with Zimbabwe, the following documents have been released and are included in this package.

Economic development --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Zimbabwe --- Economic conditions. --- Fiscal policy --- Economic indicators --- Business indicators --- Indicators, Business --- Indicators, Economic --- Leading indicators --- Economic history --- Quality of life --- Economic forecasting --- Index numbers (Economics) --- Social indicators --- Tax policy --- Taxation --- Finance, Public --- Government policy --- International Monetary Fund --- Internationaal monetair fonds --- International monetary fund --- E-books --- Banks and Banking --- Exports and Imports --- Macroeconomics --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Public Finance --- Budgeting --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Public Enterprises --- Public-Private Enterprises --- National Budget --- Budget Systems --- Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology --- Computer Programs: Other --- International economics --- Public finance & taxation --- Banking --- Civil service & public sector --- Budgeting & financial management --- External debt --- Public debt --- Public and publicly-guaranteed external debt --- Arrears --- Budget planning and preparation --- Public financial management (PFM) --- Debts, External --- Debts, Public --- Banks and banking --- Expenditures, Public --- Budget

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Public pension systems around the world have been criticized in recent years for some serious flaws, including the excessive burden they impose on the public finances and their depressing impact on saving rates. This study analyzes the impact of pension systems and pension reform on saving, paying particular attention to the impact of the introduction of defined-contribution plans like that of Chile. It also surveys the literature on the impact of pension regimes on saving, discusses some recent reforms, and addresses the role of private pension plans.

Capital --- National savings --- Social security law --- Defined benefit pension plans --- Old age pensions --- Saving and investment --- Pension trusts --- Finance --- 368.382 --- -Pension trusts --- pensioenen --- sociale zekerheid --- pension --- securite sociale --- epargne pension --- international --- AA* / International - Internationaal --- 368.43 --- 339.311.0 --- 330.05 --- 331.252 --- Accumulation, Capital --- Capital accumulation --- Capital formation --- Investment and saving --- Saving and thrift --- Supply-side economics --- Wealth --- Investments --- Employee pension trusts --- Pension funds --- Pension plans --- Trusts and trustees --- Employees --- OASI (Old age and survivors insurance) --- Old age and survivors insurance --- Older people --- Retirement pensions --- Survivors' benefits (Old age pensions) --- Pensions --- Benefit-based pension plans --- Defined benefit plans --- Pension plans, Defined benefit --- Particuliere ziekteverzekering --- pensioen --- pensioensparen --- internationaal --- Ouderdomsverzekering. Voorbarige dood. Weduwen en wezen. --- Sparen: algemeenheden. --- Working papers --- Defined benefit pension plans. --- Pension trusts. --- Saving and investment. --- Finance. --- 368.382 Particuliere ziekteverzekering --- Sparen: algemeenheden --- Ouderdomsverzekering. Voorbarige dood. Weduwen en wezen --- Old age pensions - Finance --- Investments: General --- Labor --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Demography --- Nonwage Labor Costs and Benefits --- Private Pensions --- Social Security and Public Pensions --- Retirement --- Retirement Policies --- Economics of the Elderly --- Economics of the Handicapped --- Non-labor Market Discrimination --- Macroeconomics: Consumption --- Saving --- Labour --- income economics --- Population & demography --- Investment & securities --- Pension spending --- Aging --- Private savings --- Expenditure --- Population and demographics --- National accounts --- Population aging --- Wages --- Income --- United States

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The increased budget deficit caused by the privatization of a public pension plan does not imply a relaxation of the stance of fiscal policy. The reform's impact on the fiscal stance and national saving depends primarily on its effect on the sum of explicit and implicit public debt and on the post-reform payroll tax and private system contribution rates. However, the precise impact of reform also depends on such influences as the relationship between the rates of interest on implicit and explicit public debt. There may be circumstances in which pension privatization, if not offset by fiscal consolidation, will loosen the fiscal stance.

Labor --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Social Security and Public Pensions --- Nonwage Labor Costs and Benefits --- Private Pensions --- Fiscal Policy --- Macroeconomics: Consumption --- Saving --- Wealth --- Pensions --- Pension spending --- Pension reform --- Fiscal policy --- Private savings --- Expenditure --- National accounts --- Saving and investment --- United States

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Inadequate infrastructure has been widely viewed as a principal barrier to growth and development in Latin America and the Caribbean. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of infrastructure in the region and highlights key areas in which infrastructure networks can be enhanced. The public and private sectors play complementary roles in improving the infrastructure network. Therefore, it is critical to strengthen public investment management processes as well as the regulatory framework, including to ensure an appropriate mix of financing and funding for projects and to address environmental concerns.

Infrastructure (Economics) --- Public investments --- Government investments --- Investments, Public --- Expenditures, Public --- Investments --- Capital budget --- Economic development projects --- Investment of public funds --- Capital, Social (Economics) --- Economic infrastructure --- Social capital (Economics) --- Social infrastructure --- Social overhead capital --- Economic development --- Human settlements --- Public goods --- Public works --- Capital --- Finance --- Infrastructure --- Investments: General --- Public Finance --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: Infrastructures --- Other Public Investment and Capital Stock --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: Procurement --- Pension Funds --- Non-bank Financial Institutions --- Financial Instruments --- Institutional Investors --- Economic History: Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services: Latin America --- Caribbean --- Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Models with Panel Data --- Investment --- Intangible Capital --- Capacity --- Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities: General --- Macroeconomics --- Public finance & taxation --- Public investment and public-private partnerships (PPP) --- Public investment spending --- Private investment --- Transportation --- National accounts --- Expenditure --- Saving and investment --- Public-private sector cooperation --- Brazil