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The paper reviews the data concerning the nominal inflectional morphology in the chain of languages comprising Uralic, Turkic, Mongolic, Tungusic, Koreanic and Japonic, collectively termed "Ural-Altaic". Although nominal morphology has traditionally been quoted in support of the hypothesis concerning the genetic relationship of these languages, a more detailed survey of the data shows that the extant parallels are in various ways secondary and/or accidental. This suggests that Ural-Altaic is an areal and typological complex of languages, but not a genetic entity. On the other hand, it is also

Paradigm (Linguistics) --- Altaic languages --- Comparative linguistics --- Scythian languages --- Transeurasian languages --- Proto-Altaic language --- Ural-Altaic languages --- Paradigmatics (Linguistics) --- Substitution class (Linguistics) --- Linguistics --- Comparative philology --- Philology, Comparative --- Historical linguistics --- Morphology. --- Verb.

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Ottoman Turkish so-called transcription texts are texts occasionally written in non-Arabic scripts such as Roman, Greek, Armenian, and Georgian. The authors of these texts were “mediators” between Europe and the Middle East, compilers of grammars, vocabularies, and comments for language students.The contributions to this volume deal with the value of the mediator texts. They analyze, on the basis of insightful analytic methods, how these texts can be used to reconstruct spoken Ottoman varieties and draw conclusions concerning earlier stages of Turkish language history. The contributions were originally presented at a workshop titled “The Mediators: Ottoman Turkish and Persian in Non-Arabic Scripts”, organized by the Swedish Research Institute in Istanbul and the Orient-Institut Istanbul. The topic was also thematically relevant for an interdisciplinary research project, “The Urban Mind. Cultural and Environmental Dynamics”, carried out at Uppsala University and devoted to “linguistic ecology”, i.e., the relationships and interactions of linguistic codes employed in urban settings. The volume includes a copy of a panoramic view of Constantinople, drawn in 1710 by the Swedish military draughtsman Cornelius Loos and now preserved in the national museum in Stockholm.

Turkish language --- Karamanli dialect. --- Spoken Turkish.

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Turkish language --- Turkish language --- Turkish literature --- Foreign influences. --- Phonetics --- Foreign influences. --- Foreign influences. --- Brendemoen, Bernt,