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Western Europeans were among the first, if not the first, to invent mechanical clocks, geometrically precise maps, double-entry bookkeeping, precise algebraic and musical notations, and perspective painting. By the sixteenth century more people were thinking quantitatively in western Europe than in any other part of the world. The Measure of Reality, first published in 1997, discusses the epochal shift from qualitative to quantitative perception in Western Europe during the late Middle Ages and Renaissance. This shift made modern science, technology, business practice and bureaucracy possible.

History of civilization --- anno 1200-1499 --- anno 1500-1599 --- Western Europe --- Measurement --- Science --- Civilization, Medieval. --- Renaissance. --- Mesure --- Sciences --- Civilisation médiévale --- Renaissance --- History --- Histoire --- Historiometry. --- Methodology. --- Civilisation médiévale --- Arts and Humanities --- Revival of letters --- Civilization --- History, Modern --- Civilization, Medieval --- Civilization, Modern --- Humanism --- Middle Ages --- Medieval civilization --- Chivalry --- Historiography --- Historiometrics --- Biography --- Psychohistory --- Methodology --- Psychological aspects --- Mathematical models --- Statistical methods --- Europe --- 316.77 --- 930.86 --- 316.77 Communicatiesociologie --- Communicatiesociologie --- 930.86 Mentaliteitsgeschiedenis --- Mentaliteitsgeschiedenis

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Military engineering --- Projectiles --- -Shells (Projectiles) --- Shooting, Military --- Ballistics --- History --- -History --- Shells (Projectiles) --- History. --- Histoire.

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People of European descent form the bulk of the population in most of the temperate zones of the world - North America, Australia and New Zealand. The military successes of European imperialism are easy to explain; in many cases they were a matter of firearms against spears. But, as Alfred Crosby maintains in this highly original and fascinating book, the Europeans' displacement and replacement of the native peoples in the temperate zones was more a matter of biology than of military conquest. European organisms had certain decisive advantages over their New World and Australian counterparts. The spread of European disease, flora, and fauna went hand in hand with the growth of populations. Consequently, these imperialists became proprietors of the world's most important agricultural lands. Now in a second edition with a new preface, Crosby revisits his now-classic work and again evaluates the global historical importance of European ecological expansion.

Biogeography. --- Europeans --- Human ecology. --- Human geography. --- Migrations. --- Biogeography --- Human ecology --- Human geography --- Areography (Biology) --- Geographical distribution of animals and plants --- Species --- Species distribution --- Biology --- Geography --- Anthropo-geography --- Anthropogeography --- Geographical distribution of humans --- Social geography --- Anthropology --- Ecology --- Environment, Human --- Human beings --- Human environment --- Ecological engineering --- Nature --- Migrations --- Geographical distribution --- Social aspects --- Effect of environment on --- Effect of human beings on --- Arts and Humanities --- History

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Aardrijkskundige verspreiding van planten en dieren --- Anthropo-geography --- Anthropogeography --- Anthropogéographie --- Areography (Biology) --- Biogeografie --- Biogeography --- Biogéographie --- Biogéographie humaine --- Cultural geography --- Distribution géographique de l'homme --- Distribution géographique des plantes et des animaux --- Ecologie [Menselijke ] --- Ecologie humaine --- Ecology [Human ] --- Ecology--Social aspects --- Environment [Human ] --- Espace géographique --- Geografie [Bio] --- Geografie [Menselijke ] --- Geografische verspreiding van planten en dieren --- Geographical distribution of animals and plants --- Geographical distribution of man --- Geography [Cultural ] --- Geography [Human ] --- Geography [Social ] --- Géographie [Bio] --- Géographie humaine --- Homme -- Distribution géographique --- Human ecology --- Human environment --- Human geography --- Menselijke ecologie --- Menselijke geografie --- Oecoumène --- Oekoumène --- Social geography --- Écoumène --- Ékoumène --- Europeans --- Migrations --- Europeans - Migrations.

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Between August 1918 and March 1919 the Spanish influenza spread worldwide, claiming at least 30 million lives, more people than perished in the fighting of the First World War. It proved fatal to at least a half-million Americans. Yet, the Spanish flu pandemic is largely forgotten today. In this vivid narrative, Alfred W. Crosby recounts the course of the pandemic during the panic-stricken months of 1918 and 1919, measures its impact on American society, and probes the curious loss of national memory of this cataclysmic event." "In this new edition, with a new preface discussing the recent outbreaks of diseases, including the Asian flu and SARS, America's Forgotten Pandemic remains both prescient and relevant.--Publisher description.

Influenza --- Epidemics --- Influenza, Human --- Disease Outbreaks --- History --- history --- Influenza Epidemic, 1918-1919. --- Public Health --- Orthomyxoviridae Infections --- Respiratory Tract Infections --- Environment and Public Health --- Respiratory Tract Diseases --- RNA Virus Infections --- Communicable Diseases --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Infections, RNA Virus --- Infection, RNA Virus --- RNA Virus Infection --- Virus Infection, RNA --- Virus Infections, RNA --- Disease, Respiratory Tract --- Diseases, Respiratory Tract --- Respiratory Tract Disease --- Tract Disease, Respiratory --- Tract Diseases, Respiratory --- Infections, Respiratory --- Infections, Respiratory Tract --- Infections, Upper Respiratory --- Infections, Upper Respiratory Tract --- Respiratory Infections --- Upper Respiratory Infections --- Upper Respiratory Tract Infections --- Infection, Respiratory Tract --- Respiratory Infection, Upper --- Respiratory Tract Infection --- Infections, Orthomyxoviridae --- Infections, Orthomyxovirus --- Swine Influenza --- Orthomyxovirus Infections --- Infection, Orthomyxoviridae --- Infection, Orthomyxovirus --- Influenza, Swine --- Orthomyxoviridae Infection --- Orthomyxovirus Infection --- Community Health --- Environment, Preventive Medicine & Public Health --- Environment, Preventive Medicine and Public Health --- Health, Community --- Health, Public --- Preventive Medicine --- Education, Public Health Professional --- Infectious Disease Outbreaks --- Outbreaks --- Disease Outbreak --- Disease Outbreak, Infectious --- Disease Outbreaks, Infectious --- Infectious Disease Outbreak --- Outbreak, Disease --- Outbreak, Infectious Disease --- Outbreaks, Disease --- Outbreaks, Infectious Disease --- Grippe --- Human Flu --- Human Influenza --- Influenza in Humans --- Flu, Human --- Human Influenzas --- Influenza in Human --- Influenzas --- Influenzas, Human --- Influenza Pandemic, 1918-1919 --- Spanish Flu Epidemic, 1918-1919 --- Spanish Influenza Epidemic, 1918-1919 --- Flu --- Flu, Respiratory --- Respiratory flu --- Respiratory infections --- Virus diseases --- Disease outbreaks --- Diseases --- Outbreaks of disease --- Pestilences --- Communicable diseases --- history. --- History. --- Upper Respiratory Tract Infection --- Pandemics --- Arts and Humanities --- Influenza - United States - History - 20th century --- Epidemics - United States - History - 20th century --- Influenza, Human - history --- Disease Outbreaks - history