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Uruguay's export-led growth model depends heavily on its rich base of natural assets. Although innovative environmental initiatives have been implemented and boosted trade competitiveness, the identification of green market opportunities with higher added value, may benefit economically to Uruguay as well as promote sustainable use of natural resources.In this sense, the report presents an economic analysis of the demand for green segments in international markets focusing on the main export sectors (beef, dairy products, soybeans and tourism). These sectors were selected for their great contribution to exports and their intensive use of Uruguay's natural assets. Greener - or more environmentally friendly - products can increase the diversification of exports to niches of higher added value, promoting investments in capacity building and the adoption of new technologies and practices.The report analyzes and delves into the differences between several "green" and "sustainable" beef labels. In terms of green soybeans, the report specifically focuses on non-genetically modified (non-GM) soybeans for their long-term environmental benefits. In terms of dairy products, this report focuses on organic dairy products, due to significant economic premiums and environmental and animal health benefits associated with organic labels. The analysis of these markets, in terms of geography, centers on the main export destinations of Uruguay, such as the European Union, the United States and Asia, including China. The analysis carried out on sustainable tourism focuses on adventure tourism and ecotourism.The report finds that there are important growth prospects and attractive mark-ups in the segments of sustainable beef, non-genetically modified soybeans and organic dairy products, and a potential to strengthen Uruguay's international supply of sustainable tourism. In addition to the economic benefits, these segments can bring important environmental co-benefits associated with the sustainable production and processing practices of "green" value chains. For example, reduction in greenhouse gases emissions, reduction in the use of pesticides and herbicides, soil preservation, reduction on nutrient pollution, among others.In general, this report sheds light on niches of strong demand that could offer new opportunities to Uruguay, and provides recommendations for future work. Among the four sectors analyzed, a low hanging fruit is associated with sustainable beef. In addition, Uruguay could potentially explore the niche of organic milk powder. To make the most of the growth opportunities in the tourism market, currently focused on "beach and sun", the report includes recommendations to diversify and improve the existing supply.This report is part of a series of five complementary analytical products generated under the World Bank's Green Growth Technical Assistance in Uruguay.

Accommodation And Tourism Industry --- Agriculture --- Climate Change --- Climate Change Mitigation And Green House Gases --- Dairies And Dairying --- Environment --- Environmental Economics And Policies --- Food And Beverage Industry --- Industry --- Innovation --- Livestock And Animal Husbandry --- Tourism Industry

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Anew, innovation-led growth model would enable Argentina to increase economic stability and achieve stronger shared prosperity. Argentina can escape boom-and-bust cycles and accelerate its recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic with an innovation-driven economy that, in addition to factor accumulation, fuels higher productivity growth across all its sectors. Such a growth model should build on Argentina's strengths in human capital, research, and firm-level capabilities, which would help diversify the economy and make it more inclusive and less susceptible to external shocks, providing the country with a stronger buffer at times of uncertainty. Despite the volatility of the past few decades, Argentina has been able to develop important pockets of success in high-end research and in frontier productive sectors such as biotechnology and knowledge economy. All of these should be better exploited and strengthened through public-private partnerships, targeted investments, and an enabling business environment to increase innovation's contribution to economic growth. A resilient economic recovery will, in part, require a long-term vision and a policy framework that builds a sustainable national innovation system. To contribute to the strengthening of such a national innovation system, this report reviews holistically the innovation performance in Argentina, identifies some of the main gaps and strengths, and discusses appropriate policy responses. The report also examines regional differences in innovation performance and reviews the policy effectiveness of recent initiatives that have focused on industry and science linkages and knowledge-based entrepreneurship. The lessons from these impact evaluations and fi ndings of the comparative evaluation of Argentina's innovation landscape are intended to provide guidance in the design and strengthening of existing and future innovation policies in Argentina.

Enterprenuership --- Firm Capacities --- Human Capital --- Innovation --- Productivity --- Public-Private Partnership --- STI Policies --- Sustain Growth --- Technology