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Econometric models --- Econometrische modellen --- Modèles économiques --- Modèles économétriques --- Économétrie--Modèles mathématiques --- Econométrie --- Econometrics --- Finance --- Economics --- Mathematical models --- AA / International- internationaal --- 305.0 --- 305.970 --- Toegepaste econometrie en statistiek (algemene naslagwerken). Statistische onderzoekingen en studiën. --- Algemeenheden: Autoregression and moving average representation. ARIMA. ARMAX. Lagrange multiplier. Wald. Function (mis) specification. Autocorrelation. Homoscedasticity. Heteroscedasticity. ARCH. GARCH. Integration and co-integration. Unit roots. --- Econométrie --- Modèles économétriques --- Toegepaste econometrie en statistiek (algemene naslagwerken). Statistische onderzoekingen en studiën --- Algemeenheden: Autoregression and moving average representation. ARIMA. ARMAX. Lagrange multiplier. Wald. Function (mis) specification. Autocorrelation. Homoscedasticity. Heteroscedasticity. ARCH. GARCH. Integration and co-integration. Unit roots --- Économétrie --- Finance - Mathematical models --- Economics - Mathematical models
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Evaluations of employment programs usually focus on direct impacts on participants. Yet employment programs can have a range of indirect effects that are rarely quantified. This paper analyzes the impact of a subsidized apprenticeship program offering dual on-the-job and theoretical training in Cote d'Ivoire. The experiment simultaneously randomized whether apprenticeship positions opened by firms were filled by the program, and whether interested youths were assigned to a formal apprenticeship. This design allows for estimating direct impacts on youths and indirect impacts on firms selected to host apprentices. The analysis identifies whether individuals forgo other employment or training opportunities, and whether firms replace other workers with program participants. The share of youths in apprenticeships increased by 52.8 percentage points. This estimate accounts for a significant windfall effect: 26 percent of the formal apprentices who were placed substituted out of traditional apprenticeships. The inflow of apprentices into firms increased significantly, but also induced substitution effects, as firms hired 0.23 fewer traditional apprentices per formal apprentice placed. Overall, the net number of apprenticeship positions created was between 51 and 74 percent of the number of formal apprentices placed. In the short term, impacts on earnings were not significant for youths, but firms benefited from an increase in the net value of work provided by apprentices.
Apprenticeship --- Direct Effects --- Education --- Employment --- Employment and Unemployment --- Equilibrium Effects --- Field Experiment --- Indirect Effects --- International Economics and Trade --- International Trade and Trade Rules --- Skills Development and Labor Force Training --- Small Enterprises --- Social Protections and Labor --- Training --- Vocational and Technical Education --- Vocational Education and Technical Training --- Wage Subsidy
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Ce manuel offre une presentation complete et approfondie des techniques econometriques les plus utilisees dans la pratique, allant du modele lineaire et ses extensions aux techniques non lineaires de traitement des donnees discretes et censurees. Cette deuxieme edition, entierement revue, corrigee et mise a jour, offre une presentation complete et approfondie des techniques econometriques les plus utilisees dans la pratique, allant du modele lineaire et ses extensions, aux techniques non lineaires de traitement des donnees discretes et censurees. Une annexe fournit l'ensemble des elements de rappel d'algebre lineaire et de statistiques necessaires.Une attention particuliere est en outre consacree aux outils d'evaluation des politiques publiques : evaluations randomisees, estimateurs par difference, methodes de score. Les techniques qui sont presentees sont systematiquement illustrees par des exemples sur donnees reelles ou la presentation de travaux de recherche consacres a l'evaluation des politiques publiques (economie du travail, economie industrielle, etc.).Le parti pris de cet ouvrage est de placer les problemes d'identification au centre de la demarche econometrique. La presentation met l'accent sur le lien entre la modelisation theorique, la specification econometrique et la nature des donnees.L'ouvrage s'adresse aux etudiants de fin de premier cycle ou de deuxieme cycle en economie, gestion ou ecole de commerce, mais aussi aux professionnels souhaitant approfondir leur connaissance des techniques mobilisees dans l'utilisation de l'econometrie a des fins d'evaluation.
Econometrics --- Finance --- Economics --- Mathematical models --- Économétrie. --- Modèles économétriques --- Finance - Mathematical models --- Economics - Mathematical models
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This paper reports the results from a randomized experiment designed to evaluate the direct and indirect (displacement) impacts of job placement assistance on the labor market outcomes of young, educated job seekers in France. We use a two-step design. In the first step, the proportions of job seekers to be assigned to treatment (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% or100%) were randomly drawn for each of the 235 labor markets (e.g. cities) participating in the experiment. Then, in each labor market, eligible job seekers were randomly assigned to the treatment, following this proportion. After eight months, eligible, unemployed youths who were assigned to the program were significantly more likely to have found a stable job than those who were not. But these gains are transitory, and they appear to have come partly at the expense of eligible workers who did not benefit from the program, particularly in labor markets where they compete mainly with other educated workers, and in weak labor markets. Overall, the program seems to have had very little net benefits.
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This paper reports the results from a randomized evaluation of a microcredit program introduced in rural areas of Morocco starting in 2006 by Al Amana, the country's largest microfinance institution. Al Amana was the only MFI operating in the study areas during the evaluation period. Thirteen percent of the households in treatment villages took a loan, and none in control villages. Among households identified as more likely to borrow based on ex-ante characteristics, microcredit access led to a significant rise in investment in assets used for self-employment activities (mainly animal husbandry and agriculture), and an increase in profit. But this increase in profit was offset by a reduction in income from casual labor, so overall there was no gain in measured income or consumption. We find suggestive evidence that these results are mainly driven by effects on borrowers, rather than by externalities on households that do not borrow. This implies that among those who chose to borrow, microcredit had large, albeit very heterogeneous, impacts on assets and profits from self-employment activities, but small impact on consumption: we can reject an increase in consumption of more than 10% among borrowers, two years after initial rollout.
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Workfare programs are one of the most popular social protection and employment policy instruments in the developing world. They evoke the promise of efficient targeting, as well as immediate and lasting impacts on participants' employment, earnings, skills and behaviors. This paper evaluates contemporaneous and post-program impacts of a public works intervention in Cote d'Ivoire. The program was randomized among urban youths who self-selected to participate and provided seven months of employment at the formal minimum wage. Randomized subsets of beneficiaries also received complementary training on basic entrepreneurship or job search skills. During the program, results show limited impacts on the likelihood of employment, but a shift toward wage jobs, higher earnings and savings, as well as changes in work habits and behaviors. Fifteen months after the program ended, savings stock remain higher, but there are no lasting impacts on employment or behaviors, and only limited impacts on earnings. Machine learning techniques are applied to assess whether program targeting can improve. Significant heterogeneity in impacts on earnings is found during the program but not post-program. Departing from self-targeting improves performance: a range of practical targeting mechanisms achieve impacts close to a machine learning benchmark by maximizing contemporaneous impacts without reducing post-program impacts. Impacts on earnings remain substantially below program costs even under improved targeting.
Employment and Unemployment --- Employment Program --- Heterogeneity --- Labor Policies --- Machine Learning --- Public Works --- Rural Development --- Rural Labor Markets --- Skills Development and Labor Force Training --- Social Protection --- Social Protections and Assistance --- Social Protections and Labor --- Targeting --- Training --- Workfare --- Youth Employment
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