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Charles Darwin is often credited with discovering evolution through natural selection, but the idea was not his alone. The naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace, working independently, saw the same process at work in the natural world and elaborated much the same theory. Their important scientific contributions made both men famous in their lifetimes, but Wallace slipped into obscurity after his death, while Darwin's renown grew. Dispelling the misperceptions that continue to paint Wallace as a secondary figure, James Costa reveals the two naturalists as true equals in advancing one of the greatest scientific discoveries of all time. Analyzing Wallace's "Species Notebook," Costa shows how Wallace's methods and thought processes paralleled Darwin's, yet inspired insights uniquely his own. Kept during his Southeast Asian expeditions of the 1850s, the notebook is a window into Wallace's early evolutionary ideas. It records his evidence-gathering, critiques of anti-evolutionary arguments, and plans for a book on "transmutation." Most important, it demonstrates conclusively that natural selection was not some idea Wallace stumbled upon, as is sometimes assumed, but was the culmination of a decade-long quest to solve the mystery of the origin of species. Wallace, Darwin, and the Origin of Species also reexamines the pivotal episode in 1858 when Wallace sent Darwin a manuscript announcing his discovery of natural selection, prompting a joint public reading of the two men's papers on the subject. Costa's analysis of the "Species Notebook" shines a new light on these readings, further illuminating the independent nature of Wallace's discoveries.
Evolution (Biology) --- Natural selection. --- Darwinism --- Selection, Natural --- Genetics --- Variation (Biology) --- Biological invasions --- Heredity --- Animal evolution --- Animals --- Biological evolution --- Evolutionary biology --- Evolutionary science --- Origin of species --- Biology --- Evolution --- Biological fitness --- Homoplasy --- Natural selection --- Phylogeny --- Wallace, Alfred Russel, --- Darwin, Charles, --- Ěōllēs, A. Ṛ., --- Wallace, A. R.
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Asked to name an insect society, most of us--whether casual or professional students of nature--quickly point to one of the so-called eusocial marvels: the ant colony, the beehive, the termite mound, the wasp nest. Each is awe-inspiring in its division of labor--collective defense, foraging, and nestbuilding. Yet E. O. Wilson cautioned back in 1971 that sociality should be defined more broadly, "in order to prevent the arbitrary exclusion of many interesting phenomena." Thirty-five years later, James T. Costa gives those interesting phenomena their due. He argues that, in trying to solve the puzzle of how highly eusocial behaviors evolved in a few insect orders, evolutionary biologists have neglected the more diverse social arrangements in the remaining twenty-eight orders--insect societies that don't fit the eusocial schema. Costa synthesizes here for the first time the scattered literature about social phenomena across the arthropod phylum: beetles and bugs, caterpillars and cockroaches, mantids and membracids, sawflies and spiders. This wide-ranging tour takes a rich narrative approach that interweaves theory and data analysis with the behavior and ecology of these remarkable groups. This comprehensive treatment is likely to inspire a new generation of naturalists to take a closer look.
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"A major new biography of the brilliant naturalist, traveler, humanitarian, and co-discoverer of natural selectionAlfred Russel Wallace (1823-1913) was perhaps the most famed naturalist of the Victorian age. His expeditions to remote Amazonia and southeast Asia were the stuff of legend. A collector of thousands of species new to science, he shared in the discovery of natural selection and founded the discipline of evolutionary biogeography.Radical by Nature tells the story of Wallace's epic life and achievements, from his stellar rise from humble origins, to his complicated friendship with Charles Darwin and the leading scientific lights of Britain, to his devotion to social causes and movements that threatened to alienate him from scientific society.James Costa draws on letters, notebooks, and journals to provide a multifaceted account of a revolutionary life in science as well as Wallace's family life. He shows how the self-taught Wallace doggedly pursued bold, even radical ideas that caused a seismic shift in the natural sciences, but how he also courted controversy with nonscientific pursuits such as spiritualism and socialism. Costa describes Wallace's courageous social advocacy of women's rights, labor reform, and other important issues. He also sheds light on Wallace's complex relationship with Darwin, describing how Wallace graciously applauded his friend and rival, becoming one of his most ardent defenders.Weaving a revelatory narrative with the latest scholarship, Radical by Nature paints a mesmerizing portrait of a multifaceted thinker driven by a singular passion for science, a commitment to social justice, and a lifelong sense of wonder"-- "Alfred Russel Wallace (1823-1913) was perhaps the most famous naturalist in the world by the end of his life-- explorer extraordinaire, co-discoverer with Darwin of the principle of natural selection, collector of thousands of species new to science, and best-selling author. Wallace had fallen into obscurity in the 20th century, largely eclipsed by Darwin, but the 2013 centennial of his death led to renewed interest and Wallace is likely to garner attention again in 2023 with the bicentennial of his birth. Against this backdrop, James Costa is proposing a new biography of Wallace. The chapters are arranged chronologically, treating the arc of Wallace's life in a narrative that interweaves key events with the development of Wallace's thought. He devote extra space to the 8-year Malay Archipelago odyssey as the adventure that Wallace himself declared the "central and controlling incident" of his life and became foundational to modern evolution and biogeography. Costa of course discusses Wallace's famous corresondence with Darwin, and how Wallace graciously applauded Darwin's achievement, and became of his closest friends and defenders. In later years, Wallace became associated with "the spiritualist movement" and taking up a range of social causes including championing better working conditions, land preservation, reform in public education, and legal rights for women. Ultimately, Costa argues that the key to understanding Wallace is to realize that he was singularly open to novel, even radical, ideas in scientific and social realms"--
Autobiography. --- Wallace, Alfred Russel, --- Aileron. --- Aircraft. --- Alfred Russel Wallace. --- Allen Ginsberg. --- Alpine orogeny. --- Artistic director. --- Autodidacticism. --- Awareness. --- Ballet shoe. --- Bank account. --- Battlement. --- Bay cat. --- Bearing (navigation). --- Beefsteak. --- Birdwing. --- Blood transfusion. --- Borneo. --- By Nature. --- Caatinga. --- Cartesian coordinate system. --- Charles Darwin. --- Collecting. --- Continental drift. --- Crosswind landing. --- Diagram. --- Diffraction grating. --- Dissolution of the Monasteries. --- Distrust. --- Dwight D. Eisenhower. --- Economics. --- Emma Darwin. --- Entertainment. --- Environmental degradation. --- Eocene. --- Ernst Mayr. --- Female education. --- Fever. --- Friuli. --- Gemmule. --- Geology. --- Gilded Age. --- Godalming. --- Great Marlborough Street. --- Halmahera. --- Henry Fairfield Osborn. --- Herbarium. --- Hergest Ridge. --- Holotype. --- Holy Roman Emperor. --- Homo erectus. --- Hypothesis. --- Indigenous peoples. --- Inference. --- Insect. --- Inverkeithing. --- James Croll. --- Janggala. --- Land grant. --- Loop gain. --- Lulworth Cove. --- Lunch. --- Makassar. --- Man and the Biosphere Programme. --- Mechanics' Institutes. --- Megabat. --- Meiosis. --- Monograph. --- New York Film Festival. --- Oceanic crust. --- Othniel Charles Marsh. --- Paradisea. --- Pessimism. --- Piracy. --- Publication. --- Publishing. --- Radicalism (historical). --- Rodent. --- Roger Ebert. --- Royal forest. --- Science (journal). --- Sequoia sempervirens. --- Singapore. --- Slip (aerodynamics). --- Small Pond (Innsbruck). --- Species richness. --- Stanley Kubrick. --- Study abroad. --- Subsidence. --- Surrealism. --- Swathe. --- Ternate. --- Test data. --- The Family Trade. --- The Malay Archipelago. --- Trousers. --- Turnip. --- Watercraft. --- Wheat. --- World view. --- Writing.
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Charles Darwin’s On the Origin of Species is the most important and yet least read scientific work in the history of science. Now James T. Costa—experienced field biologist, theorist on the evolution of insect sociality, and passionate advocate for teaching Darwin in a society in which a significant proportion of adults believe that life on earth has been created in its present form within the last 10,000 years—has given a new voice to this epochal work. By leading readers line by line through the Origin, Costa brings evolution’s foundational text to life for a new generation. The Annotated Origin is the edition of Darwin’s masterwork used in Costa’s course at Western Carolina University and in Harvard’s Darwin Summer Course at Oxford. A facsimile of the first edition of 1859 is accompanied by Costa’s extensive marginal annotations, drawing on his extensive experience with Darwin’s ideas in the field, lab, and classroom. This edition makes available an accessible, useful, and practical resource for anyone reading the Origin for the first time or for those who want to reread it with the insights and perspective that a working biologist can provide.
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Evolution. Phylogeny --- Botany --- determinisme --- evolutieleer --- botanie --- Darwin, Charles
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Notes from Wallace's Malay expedition.
Natural history --- Natural selection. --- Evolution (Biology) --- Darwinism --- Selection, Natural --- Genetics --- Variation (Biology) --- Biological invasions --- Heredity --- Animal evolution --- Animals --- Biological evolution --- Evolutionary biology --- Evolutionary science --- Origin of species --- Biology --- Evolution --- Biological fitness --- Homoplasy --- Natural selection --- Phylogeny --- Wallace, Alfred Russel, --- Ěōllēs, A. Ṛ., --- Wallace, A. R. --- Travel
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Insect societies. --- Sociétés d'insectes --- Insect societies --- Insecta --- Comportement social --- social behaviour --- Évolution --- evolution --- Adaptation --- Biote --- biota --- Sociétés d'insectes --- evolution.
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Although Alfred Russel Wallace (1823–1913) was one of the most famous scientists in the world at the time of his death at the age of ninety, today he is known to many as a kind of “almost-Darwin,” a secondary figure relegated to the footnotes of Darwin’s prodigious insights. But this diminution could hardly be less justified. Research into the life of this brilliant naturalist and social critic continues to produce new insights into his significance to history and his role in helping to shape modern thought. Wallace declared his eight years of exploration in southeast Asia to be “the central and controlling incident” of his life. As 2019 marks one hundred and fifty years since the publication of The Malay Archipelago, Wallace’s canonical work chronicling his epic voyage, this collaborative book gathers an interdisciplinary array of writers to celebrate Wallace’s remarkable life and diverse scholarly accomplishments. Wallace left school at the age of fourteen and was largely self-taught, a voracious curiosity and appetite for learning sustaining him throughout his long life. After years as a surveyor and builder, in 1848 he left Britain to become a professional natural history collector in the Amazon, where he spent four years. Then, in 1854, he departed for the Malay Archipelago. It was on this voyage that he constructed a theory of natural selection similar to the one Charles Darwin was developing, and the two copublished papers on the subject in 1858, some sixteen months before the release of Darwin’s On the Origin of Species. But as the contributors to the Companion show, this much-discussed parallel evolution in thought was only one epoch in an extraordinary intellectual life. When Wallace returned to Britain in 1862, he commenced a career of writing on a huge range of subjects extending from evolutionary studies and biogeography to spiritualism and socialism. An Alfred Russel Wallace Companion provides something of a necessary reexamination of the full breadth of Wallace’s thought—an attempt to describe not only the history and present state of our understanding of his work, but also its implications for the future.
Naturalists --- Evolution (Biology) --- Wallace, Alfred Russel, --- Alfred Russel Wallace. --- Charles Darwin. --- astronomy. --- biogeography. --- evolution. --- glaciology. --- land reform. --- selection. --- social criticism. --- spiritualism.
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