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Many studies have shown that firm growth decreases monotonically with size and age. In this study, the authors investigate employment growth of firms in Turkey with an emphasis on small and medium size enterprises. In Turkey, small and medium size enterprises account for almost 77 percent of employment and play a crucial role in the economy. However, the analysis of firm dynamics in Turkey shows that medium-size firms (51-250 workers) are the slowest growing group in the economy. Moreover, small and medium size enterprises grow at a slower rate in Turkey than in several comparator countries in the Eastern Europe and Central Asia region. After determining this irregularity, the paper analyzes how the investment climate affects firm growth and finds that improved access to finance is the most important factor that significantly increases firm growth rates.
Access to Finance --- Achieving Shared Growth --- Business environment --- Credit Line --- Emerging Markets --- Employment --- Expansion --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Financial institution --- Financial institutions --- Firm size --- Firms --- Human capital --- Industry --- Job creation --- Lenders --- Licensing --- Loan --- Medium Enterprises --- Medium Scale Enterprises --- Medium size enterprises --- Microfinance --- Poverty Reduction --- Private Sector Development --- Small firms --- Small Scale Enterprise --- SME --- SME sector --- Suppliers
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Many studies have shown that firm growth decreases monotonically with size and age. In this study, the authors investigate employment growth of firms in Turkey with an emphasis on small and medium size enterprises. In Turkey, small and medium size enterprises account for almost 77 percent of employment and play a crucial role in the economy. However, the analysis of firm dynamics in Turkey shows that medium-size firms (51-250 workers) are the slowest growing group in the economy. Moreover, small and medium size enterprises grow at a slower rate in Turkey than in several comparator countries in the Eastern Europe and Central Asia region. After determining this irregularity, the paper analyzes how the investment climate affects firm growth and finds that improved access to finance is the most important factor that significantly increases firm growth rates.
Access to Finance --- Achieving Shared Growth --- Business environment --- Credit Line --- Emerging Markets --- Employment --- Expansion --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Financial institution --- Financial institutions --- Firm size --- Firms --- Human capital --- Industry --- Job creation --- Lenders --- Licensing --- Loan --- Medium Enterprises --- Medium Scale Enterprises --- Medium size enterprises --- Microfinance --- Poverty Reduction --- Private Sector Development --- Small firms --- Small Scale Enterprise --- SME --- SME sector --- Suppliers
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The report examines recent trends in Croatia's in trade, productivity, innovation performance and policy governance framework, to help identify priorities for the development of the country's Smart Specialization Strategy, which is an ex-ante conditionality for access to the EU's Structural and Investment Funds over the 2014-20 programming period.
Croatia--Economic conditions. --- Croatia--Economic policy. --- Economic policy. --- Business & Economics --- Economic History --- Croatia --- Economic conditions. --- Narodna Republika Hrvatska --- Socijalistička Republika Hrvatska --- SRH --- Hrvatska --- S.R.H. --- Kroatien --- SR Hrvatska --- SR Croatia --- People's Republic of Croatia --- Croazia --- Socialist Republic of Croatia --- NR Hrvatska --- Khorvatii︠a︡ --- Ḳroʼeṭyah --- Horvátország --- Repubblica di Croazia --- קרואטיה --- クロアチア --- Kuroachia --- クロアチア独立国 --- Kuroachia Dokuritsukoku --- Croatia (Republic : 1941-1945)
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In understanding the economics of COVID-19, it is useful to start decomposing the issue in four parts: (i) the public health problem, id est, the characteristics of the disease and its epidemiology; (ii) the impact of the disease on economic activity; (iii) the connection between the two; and (iv) the economic policy solutions to what has fast become a global pandemic that threatens to destroy the economic and social fabric of modern society. As of now, the infection is spreading aggressively in Europe and the U.S, with vast pockets of highly infected areas in Italy, Spain, and several U.S. states (New York, New Jersey, California, Washington and Texas). Many of these areas are in lockdown, with only essential businesses operating, such as food stores, pharmacies and gas stations. China has, as of today, shut its borders to foreigners after a recent spike in new infections imported from abroad. Epidemiologists suggest that even after the eventual peak and slowdown, a second wave might take place.
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