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This papers reviews economic and financial developments in Germany since its reunification nearly five years ago; and analyzes some critical issues that have featured prominently in the policy debate over this period and are likely to continue attracting attention in the years ahead.
Economic conditions. Economic development --- International finance --- Germany --- Economic development --- Allemagne --- Economic conditions --- Economic policy --- History --- Conditions économiques --- Politique économique --- Histoire --- 338.22 <430> --- 338.24 <430> --- 338 <430> --- allemagne --- developpement economique --- politique economique --- politique fiscale --- politique monetaire --- DD / Eastern Germany - Ddr - Rda --- DE / Germany - Duitsland - Allemagne --- 382.51 --- 337.550 --- 332.691 --- 336.61 --- 333.428 --- 332.26 --- 333.432.6 --- 336.401 --- 341.217 --- 330.05 --- 338.943 --- Economische organisatieleer. Economisch beleid. Economische politiek--?<430> --- Instrumenten van de economische politiek. Economische orde. Economisch politieke maatregelen. Stabilisering. Stimuleringsmaatregelen. Regulering. Financiele steunmaatregelen--?<430> --- Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--?<430> --- duitsland --- economische ontwikkeling --- economisch beleid --- fiscaal beleid --- monetair beleid --- Aard, belang en evolutie. Handelsbalans. J curve. --- Douane-unies (algemeenheden). --- Evolutie van de arbeidsmarkt. --- Financieel beleid. --- Geldstock en quasi-monetaire liquiditeiten. --- Loonevolutie. --- Markzone. Koppeling BF-DM. --- Verband tussen begrotingspolitiek en economische evolutie. --- Verenigingen van staten. Bondgenootschappen. --- -Economic policy --- -History --- -Working papers --- 338 <430> Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--?<430> --- 338.24 <430> Instrumenten van de economische politiek. Economische orde. Economisch politieke maatregelen. Stabilisering. Stimuleringsmaatregelen. Regulering. Financiele steunmaatregelen--?<430> --- 338.22 <430> Economische organisatieleer. Economisch beleid. Economische politiek--?<430> --- Conditions économiques --- Politique économique --- Loonevolutie --- Evolutie van de arbeidsmarkt --- Geldstock en quasi-monetaire liquiditeiten --- Markzone. Koppeling BF-DM --- Verband tussen begrotingspolitiek en economische evolutie --- Financieel beleid --- Douane-unies (algemeenheden) --- Verenigingen van staten. Bondgenootschappen --- Aard, belang en evolutie. Handelsbalans. J curve --- Working papers --- Germany - History - Unification, 1990 --- Germany - Economic policy - 1990 --- -Germany - Economic conditions - 1990 --- -Germany --- Exports and Imports --- Inflation --- Labor --- Public Finance --- Production and Operations Management --- Macroeconomics --- Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General --- Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search --- Demand and Supply of Labor: General --- Employment --- Unemployment --- Wages --- Intergenerational Income Distribution --- Aggregate Human Capital --- Aggregate Labor Productivity --- Price Level --- Deflation --- Labour --- income economics --- Public finance & taxation --- International economics --- Finance --- Labor markets --- Expenditure --- Total factor productivity --- Production --- Labor market --- Economic theory --- Expenditures, Public --- Prices
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This study examines the financial reforms undertaken by nine Asian countries in the 1980s (Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, the Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, and Thailand) and their implications for money demand and monetary policy.
Money. Monetary policy --- Asia --- Monetary policy --- 336.74 <5> --- -Monetary policy --- -339.7 --- 336.745 --- (5) --- $?$91/10 --- ASI / Asia - Azië - Asie --- 333.139.2 --- 333.110 --- 333.825 --- 333.820 --- 333.403 --- 332.495 --- 330.05 --- Monetary management --- Economic policy --- Currency boards --- Money supply --- Geld. Geldwezen. Monetaire sector.--Azië --- Bankcontrole en -reglementering. Reglementering van het bankberoep. --- Centrale banken en parastatale kredietinstellingen: algemeen. Overheidsbemoeiïng inzake organisatie en verdeling van het krediet. --- Deviezenpolitiek. Interventies. --- Geldbeleid, bankbeleid en kredietbeleid: algemeenheden. --- Monetaire theorieën. Kwantitatieve theorie. Theorie van de incasso's. Optiek van de uitgaven en inkomens. --- Working papers --- 336.74 <5> Geld. Geldwezen. Monetaire sector.--Azië --- 339.7 --- Centrale banken en parastatale kredietinstellingen: algemeen. Overheidsbemoeiïng inzake organisatie en verdeling van het krediet --- Bankcontrole en -reglementering. Reglementering van het bankberoep --- Monetaire theorieën. Kwantitatieve theorie. Theorie van de incasso's. Optiek van de uitgaven en inkomens --- Geldbeleid, bankbeleid en kredietbeleid: algemeenheden --- Deviezenpolitiek. Interventies --- Monetary policy - Asia, Southeastern --- Monetary policy - Asia --- Banks and Banking --- Finance: General --- Foreign Exchange --- Macroeconomics --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- Demand for Money --- Central Banks and Their Policies --- Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions --- Monetary Policy --- Aggregate Factor Income Distribution --- Monetary economics --- Banking --- Finance --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Monetary base --- Demand for money --- Open market operations --- Personal income --- Monetary policy instruments --- Money --- Central banks --- National accounts --- Monetary aggregates --- Income --- Sri Lanka
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Estimates of a supply-side model of the nonprimary sectors, in which particular attention has been paid to modeling key characteristics of the evolution of the apartheid system, are presented. These imply that the wage differential between white and nonwhite workers doing similar jobs fell significantly over the last two decades to around 14 percent in 1990. This relatively small gap implies that medium-term prospects for the advancement of the disadvantaged groups in South Africa depend heavily on their ability to take up skilled employment, with the direct gains from the elimination of apartheid being relatively small.
Labor --- Macroeconomics --- Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General --- Employment --- Unemployment --- Wages --- Intergenerational Income Distribution --- Aggregate Human Capital --- Aggregate Labor Productivity --- Labor Economics: General --- Aggregate Factor Income Distribution --- Demand and Supply of Labor: General --- Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure --- Labour --- income economics --- Income --- Labor markets --- National accounts --- Labor force --- Economic theory --- Labor economics --- Labor market --- South Africa
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Since the end of the conflict in Kosovo-a province of Serbia in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia-in June1999, IMF staff have been providing technical assistance to help the province rebuild its economy. The assistance has focused on setting up taxation and budgetary institutions, a payments and banking system, and a statistical framework. The IMF staff has also provided general macroeconomic policy advice, especially on budget formulation, which is the main focus of this publication. The IMF’s technical assistance has been carefully coordinated with that of the World Bank and donor agencies.
Budget --- Kosovo (Republic) --- Kosovo --- Economic conditions --- Conditions économiques --- 338 <497.11> --- -331.30 --- YU / Yugoslavia - Yougoslavie --- -339.094971 --- Budgeting --- Expenditures, Public --- Finance, Public --- Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--Servie en Montenegro. Klein Joegoslavie--(na 1990) --- Economische toestand. --- Forecasting --- Kosovo (Serbia) --- -Economic conditions --- Budget -- Kosovo (Republic). --- Kosovo (Republic) -- Economic conditions. --- Political Science --- Law, Politics & Government --- Public Finance --- 338 <497.11> Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--Servie en Montenegro. Klein Joegoslavie--(na 1990) --- Economic conditions. --- Conditions économiques --- Kosova (Republic) --- Kosovë (Republic) --- Republic of Kosovo --- Republika e Kosovës --- Republika Kosovo --- Republika Kosova --- Република Косово --- Република Косова --- Косово (Republic) --- Kosowo (Republic) --- كوسوفو (Republic) --- Kūsūfū (Republic) --- Cosova (Republic) --- Kosovu (Republic) --- República de Kosovu --- Kusuwu (Republic) --- Kosovo Respublikası --- Косава (Republic) --- Рэспубліка Косава --- Rėspublika Kosava --- Republik Kosovo --- Kosovo Vabariik --- Κοσσυφοπέδιο (Republic) --- Kossyphopedio (Republic) --- Κόσοβο (Republic) --- Δημοκρατία του Κοσσυφοπεδίου --- Dēmokratia tou Kossyphopediou --- República de Kosovo --- Kosovoko Errepublika --- République du Kosovo --- Chosaiv (Republic) --- Poblacht na Cosaive --- Pobblaght Chosovo --- Khô-sò-vok (Republic) --- 코소보 (Republic) --- Kʻosobo (Republic) --- Ager Merulensis --- Cossovo (Republic) --- Cossovum (Republic) --- Praevalis (Republic) --- Dardania (Republic) --- Kosovas (Republic) --- Kosovo Respublika --- Koszovó (Republic) --- Koszovói Köztársaság --- Cosovo (Republic) --- Tlācatlahtohcāyōtl Cosovo --- Republiek Kosovo --- コソボ (Republic) --- Republicii Kosovo --- Республика Косово --- Respublika Kosovo --- Kòssovu (Republic) --- Kòssuvu (Republic) --- Kosofo (Republic) --- Jamhuuriyadda Kosovo --- Kuosuovs (Republic) --- 科索沃 (Republic) --- Kesuowo (Republic) --- Ke suo wo (Republic) --- 339.094971 --- 331.30 --- Economische toestand --- Banks and Banking --- Macroeconomics --- Taxation --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- National Budget --- Budget Systems --- Macroeconomics: Consumption --- Saving --- Wealth --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Public finance & taxation --- Budgeting & financial management --- Banking --- International economics --- Expenditure --- Budget planning and preparation --- Commercial banks --- Revenue administration --- Private consumption --- Consumption --- Economics --- Banks and banking --- Revenue
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