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Secularism is usually thought to contain the project of self-deification, in which humans attack God's authority in order to take his place, freed from all constraints. Julie E. Cooper overturns this conception through an incisive analysis of the early modern justifications for secular politics. While she agrees that secularism is a means of empowerment, she argues that we have misunderstood the sources of secular empowerment and the kinds of strength to which it aspires. Contemporary understandings of secularism, Cooper contends, have been shaped by a limited understanding of it as a shift from vulnerability to power. But the works of the foundational thinkers of secularism tell a different story. Analyzing the writings of Hobbes, Spinoza, and Rousseau at the moment of secularity's inception, she shows that all three understood that acknowledging one's limitations was a condition of successful self-rule. And while all three invited humans to collectively build and sustain a political world, their invitations did not amount to self-deification. Cooper establishes that secular politics as originally conceived does not require a choice between power and vulnerability. Rather, it challenges us-today as then-to reconcile them both as essential components of our humanity.

Modesty. --- Humility. --- Secularism --- Philosophy, European --- European philosophy --- Ethics --- Irreligion --- Utilitarianism --- Atheism --- Postsecularism --- Secularization (Theology) --- Meekness --- Conduct of life --- History. --- Hobbes, Thomas, --- Spinoza, Benedictus de, --- Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, --- Ispīnūzā, --- Spinoza, Baruch, --- Espinoza, Baruch d', --- Sbīnūzā, --- Espinosa, Baruch de, --- De Spinoza, Benedictus, --- Shpinozah, --- Shpinozah, Barukh, --- Spinoza, Benedict de, --- Spinoza, Barukh, --- Spinoza, Baruch de, --- Spinoza, Benoît de, --- ספינאזא, ברוך דע --- ספינאזא, ברוך, --- שפימוזה, ברוך --- שפינאזא, בענעדיקט --- שפינאזא, ברוך --- שפינאזע, ברוך --- שפינוזא, בנדיקטוס --- שפינוזהת ברוך, --- שפינוזה, ברוך --- שפינוזה, ברוך די, --- שפינוזה, ברוך, --- שפינוזה, ב. --- سبينوزا، بندكتس --- Rouseau, Jan Jakub, --- Russo, Zhan Zhak, --- Rousseau, John James, --- Rūssū, Jān Jāk, --- Lu-so, --- Ru-xô, Giăng-Giá̆c, --- Rousseau, Jean Jaques, --- Rousseau, Jean Jeacques, --- Rousseau, J. J. --- Rusō, Jan Jakku, --- Rousseau, Gian Giacomo, --- Ruso, Z'an Z'aḳ, --- Rūcō, --- Citoyen de Genève, --- Citizen of Geneva, --- Roussō, --- Rousseau, --- Rūssō, --- Rousseau, Johann Jacob, --- Руссо, Жан-Жак, --- רוסא, זשאן־זשאק --- רוסא, י׳ן י׳ק, --- רוסו, זאאן זאאק, --- רוסו, ז׳אן־ז׳אק, --- روسو، چان چاك --- روسو، ژان ژاك --- 卢梭, --- Rousseau, Juan Jacobo, --- Rousseau, G. G. --- Ruso, Jan Jak, --- Rūsaw, Zhān Zhāk, --- Rūsū, Zhān Zhāk, --- Humility --- Modesty --- History --- Hobbes, Thomas --- Rousseau, Jean Jacques --- de Spinoza, Benedictus --- Rousseau, Jean-Jacques --- Gobbs, Tomas, --- Hobbs, Thomas, --- Gobbes, Tomas, --- T. H. --- H., T. --- Hobs, Thomas, --- Hobbes, --- Hobbes, Thom. --- Hobbius, Thomas, --- Hobbuzu, Tomasu, --- Huobusi, --- Hobbs, Tho. --- הובס, תומס, --- 霍布斯, --- ホッブズ, トマス, --- Spinoza, Benedictus de --- Spinoza, Baruch --- Spinoza, Benedict de --- secularism, secular, humility, politics, political thought, early modern justification, empowerment, thomas hobbes, baruch spinoza, jean-jacques rousseau, self rule, limitations, humanity, modesty, history, historical study, europe, philosophy, mortality, finitude, self-love, social considerations, place of the individual, enlightenment, rationalism.

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Los principales temas tratados en esta Nota Técnica de Orientación (TNM) son los siguientes: • Se analizan la finalidad de un plan de cuentas y su importancia en la gestión financiera pública. • Se analizan las necesidades de los actores interesados en un marco típico de gestión financiera pública que deben reflejarse en un plan de cuentas • Se analiza la función del plan de cuentas en la contabilidad presupuestaria y financiera. • Se analiza la relación entre el plan de cuentas y los sistemas integrados de información sobre gestión financiera (SIIGF). • Se explican los pasos fundamentales para identificar los requerimientos de datos y estructuras para elaborar un plan de cuentas.

Financial instruments. --- Monetary policy. --- Accounting --- Budget classification --- Budget execution and treasury management --- Budget planning and preparation --- Budget Systems --- Budget --- Budgeting & financial management --- Budgeting --- Chart of accounts --- Finance, Public --- Fiscal accounting and reporting --- Governmental Property --- National Budget --- National Budget, Deficit, and Debt: General --- National Budget, Deficit, and Debt: Other --- Public Administration --- Public finance accounting --- Public Finance --- Public Sector Accounting and Audits --- Structure and Scope of Government: Other --- France

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