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Plant disease epidemiology deals with diseases in plant populations. During the past century, it has become a vibrant field of science, achieving significant conceptual innovations with an important impact on the management of plant diseases. Plant disease epidemiology mobilises concepts and methods from ecology, genetics, environmental physics, botany, and mathematics. It deals with cultivated and non-cultivated plants in environments where human activities may have had an impact. Now, plant disease epidemiology faces important questions. Global climate is changing at a rapid rate: will it render plant diseases more, or less, harmful to man-made ecosystems? There is much debate on this issue, partly because climate has sometimes very large effects on the local environment of growing plant canopies, and because the physical micro-environment so strongly influences plant diseases and their consequences on ecosystem functioning and performance and the way they are managed. Plant disease epidemiologists have a strong scientific tradition in studying climate-pathogen-disease relationships. Biodiversity is also of global concern. The decline of global biodiversity that is currently taking place has been referred to as the sixth great extinction process our planet has experienced during its history, but this time, it is man-made. Generations of plant pathologists, and especially, of plant disease epidemiologists, have been dealing with biodiversity. It is from this diversity that presumably the most potent instrument for disease management has been developed by plant pathologists: host plant resistance. Host plant diversity, and the disease resistance genes it harbours, can be deployed over time and space, according to epidemiological principles. Sustainable production and protection systems also need to be devised which could exploit scarcer resources sparingly, and if possible enhance the resource base. Plant disease epidemiologists alone cannot provide answers to such questions, but certainly could significantly contribute to these new strategies. This book provides an overview of some of the latest research in plant disease epidemiology from researchers at the cutting edge of this important discipline. Reprinted from European Journal of Plant Pathology, Volume 115, No. 1, 2006.

Plant diseases --- Epidemiology. --- Plant disease epidemiology --- Plant epidemiology --- Plant epiphytology --- Epidemiology --- Botany. --- Plant diseases. --- Agriculture. --- Plant Sciences. --- Plant Pathology. --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Botany --- Communicable diseases in plants --- Crop diseases --- Crops --- Diseases of plants --- Microbial diseases in plants --- Pathological botany --- Pathology, Vegetable --- Phytopathology --- Plant pathology --- Plants --- Vegetable pathology --- Agricultural pests --- Crop losses --- Diseased plants --- Phytopathogenic microorganisms --- Plant pathologists --- Plant quarantine --- Botanical science --- Phytobiology --- Phytography --- Phytology --- Plant biology --- Plant science --- Biology --- Natural history --- Pathology --- Diseases and pests --- Diseases --- Wounds and injuries --- Plant science. --- Plant pathology. --- Floristic botany

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Ascochyta blights consistently affect large areas of grain legume production (pea, lentil, chickpea and faba bean) in all countries where they are cultivated. These diseases are capable of causing large yield losses under conducive environmental conditions. This book considers the state of the art by taking a comparative approach of Ascochyta blight diseases of cool season food and feed legumes. Topics considered are pathogen diversity, legume genetics and breeding, and integrated disease management. Reprinted from European Journal of Plant Pathology, Volume 119, No. 1, 2007 - B. Tivoli is a scientist in plant disease epidemiology at INRA (French National Institute of Agronomical Research), Le Rheu, France and member of AEP (European Association of Grain Legumes) and SFP (French Plant Pathology Society). - F. J. Muehlbauer is a geneticist and breeder of grain legumes at USDA Agricultural Research Service, Pullman, Washington, USA, and a member of the Crop Science Society of America, American Society of Agronomy, and AEP. - A. Baranger is a scientist in genetics of legumes at INRA (French National Institute of Agronomical Research), Le Rheu, France. - B. M. Cooke is a Professor of Plant Pathology and the Editor-in-Chief of the European Journal of Plant Pathology at the School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Ireland.

Sphaeropsidaceae. --- Fungi imperfecti. --- Anamorphic fungi --- Anamorphs (Fungi) --- Asexual fungi --- Conidial fungi --- Deuteromycetes --- Deuteromycotina --- Imperfect fungi --- Mitosporic fungi --- Fungi --- Sphaerioidaceae --- Sphaeropsidales --- Plant diseases. --- Plant genetics. --- Plant Pathology. --- Plant Genetics and Genomics. --- Plants --- Genetics --- Botany --- Communicable diseases in plants --- Crop diseases --- Crops --- Diseases of plants --- Microbial diseases in plants --- Pathological botany --- Pathology, Vegetable --- Phytopathology --- Plant pathology --- Vegetable pathology --- Agricultural pests --- Crop losses --- Diseased plants --- Phytopathogenic microorganisms --- Plant pathologists --- Plant quarantine --- Pathology --- Diseases and pests --- Diseases --- Wounds and injuries --- Plant pathology.

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At 21 days of age, gonadally intact male Long Evans rats were weaned and placed into standard laboratory conditions (three per cage) or housed singly. They were tested for noncontact erections and sexual performance at 90 and 220 days of age. Rats raised in isolation displayed significantly fewer noncontact erections in response to sensory cues from an estrous female and fewer intromissions when allowed to mate with a female than did males raised in groups. The volume of the posterodorsal component of the medial amygdala (MePD) and the size of neurons within the MePD were significantly smaller in the isolated males than in socially housed males. Similarly, neurons in the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (SDN-POA) were smaller in isolate animals than in controls. As both MePD volume and SDN-POA soma size are responsive to sex steroids, these differences could result if the isolates experienced lower testosterone levels. Finally, the volume of the overall medial amygdala (MeA) correlated significantly with the number of noncontact erections, a relationship that was not explained by housing condition. These findings highlight the role of social experience as a factor in the sexual differentiation of the brain and suggest a positive relationship between the volume of a brain structure and the display of sexual behaviors. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved

Adult. --- Age. --- Amygdala. --- Animal. --- Animals. --- Area. --- Bed nucleus. --- Behavior. --- Brain. --- Cage. --- Control. --- Cues. --- Deficits. --- Differentiation. --- Estrous females. --- Experience. --- Extended amygdala. --- Female. --- Group. --- Housing conditions. --- Housing. --- Isolation. --- Laboratory. --- Level. --- Male rat. --- Male-rats. --- Male. --- Males. --- Medial amygdala. --- Neurons. --- Noncontact erection. --- Nucleus. --- Partner preference. --- Penile erection. --- Performance. --- Post weaning. --- Prenatal stress. --- Rat. --- Rats. --- Response. --- Sensory. --- Sex. --- Sexes. --- Sexual behavior. --- Sexual-behavior. --- Sexual. --- Size. --- Social isolation. --- Social-isolation. --- Social. --- Steroid. --- Steroids. --- Stria terminalis. --- Syrian-hamster. --- Testosterone levels. --- Testosterone. --- Time.

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Plant physiology. Plant biophysics --- systematische plantkunde

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Knowledge of downy mildew pathogens and diseases has increased significantly in taxonomy, phylogeny, genetics, molecular biology, host-parasite interactions, ecology, epidemiology and control. The opportunity to update comprehensively the major advances in these areas was created by the 2nd International Symposium on Downy Mildews held in July 2007 at Olomouc (Czech Republic). Keynote contributions from this meeting are published here in 14 chapters that provide the most authoritative and recent analysis of these biotrophic plant pathogens and their interactions with plants. It will be an invaluable resource to students and researchers in plant pathology, mycology, taxonomy, plant biology and crop protection.

Life Sciences. --- Plant Pathology. --- Fungus Genetics. --- Plant Systematics/Taxonomy/Biogeography. --- Plant Physiology. --- Life sciences. --- Plant diseases. --- Plant physiology. --- Entomology. --- Sciences de la vie --- Plantes --- Physiologie végétale --- Entomologie --- Maladies et fléaux --- Downy mildew diseases -- Congresses. --- Downy mildew diseases. --- Plant pathology -- Congresses. --- Agriculture --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Plant Sciences --- Downy mildew diseases --- Fundal diseases of plants --- Downy mildew --- Downy mildews --- Plant pathology. --- Mycology. --- Fungal diseases of plants --- Fungal plant diseases --- Fungous diseases of plants --- Plant mycoses --- Mycoses --- Plant diseases --- Phytopathogenic fungi --- Plants --- Effect of mycotoxins on