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We are very pleased to present this LNCS volume, the proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature (PPSN IX). PPSNisoneofthemostrespectedandhighlyregardedconferenceseriesinevo- tionary computation and natural computing / computation. This biennial event was ?rst held in Dortmund in 1990, and then in Brussels (1992), Jerusalem (1994), Berlin (1996), Amsterdam (1998), Paris (2000), Granada (2002), and Birmingham(2004).PPSNcontinuestobetheconferenceofchoicebyresearchers all over the world, who value its high quality. We received 255 paper submissions this year. After an extensive peer review process involving more than 1000 reviews, the programme committee selected the top 106 papers for inclusion in this volume and, of course, for presentation at the conference. This represents an acceptance rate of 42%. The papers included in this volume cover a wide range of topics, from e- lutionary computation to swarm intelligence and from bio-inspired computing to real-world applications. They represent some of the latest and best research in evolutionary and natural computation. Following the PPSN tradition, all - pers at PPSN IX were presented as posters. There were 7 sessions: each session consisting of around 15 papers. For each session, we covered as wide a range of topics as possible so that participants with di?erent interests could ?nd some relevant papers in every session.

Parallel processing (Electronic computers) --- Evolutionary computation --- Parallélisme (Informatique) --- Réseaux neuronaux à structure évolutive --- Congresses. --- Congrès --- Computer Science --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Computer science. --- Architecture, Computer. --- Computer programming. --- Software engineering. --- Computers. --- Algorithms. --- Artificial intelligence. --- Computer Science. --- Computer System Implementation. --- Computation by Abstract Devices. --- Algorithm Analysis and Problem Complexity. --- Programming Techniques. --- Software Engineering. --- Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics). --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Algorism --- Algebra --- Arithmetic --- Automatic computers --- Automatic data processors --- Computer hardware --- Computing machines (Computers) --- Electronic calculating-machines --- Electronic computers --- Hardware, Computer --- Computer systems --- Cybernetics --- Calculators --- Cyberspace --- Computer software engineering --- Engineering --- Computers --- Electronic computer programming --- Electronic digital computers --- Programming (Electronic computers) --- Coding theory --- Architecture, Computer --- Informatics --- Science --- Foundations --- Programming --- Computer network architectures. --- Computer software. --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Software, Computer --- Architectures, Computer network --- Network architectures, Computer --- Computer architecture --- Computer systems. --- Theory of Computation. --- ADP systems (Computer systems) --- Computing systems --- Systems, Computer --- Electronic systems --- Cyberinfrastructure

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Biology --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Computer Science --- Biology - General --- Parallel processing (Electronic computers) --- Evolutionary computation --- Computer science. --- Computers. --- Algorithms. --- Computer science --- Artificial intelligence. --- Pattern recognition. --- Bioinformatics. --- Computer Science. --- Computational Biology/Bioinformatics. --- Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics). --- Computation by Abstract Devices. --- Algorithm Analysis and Problem Complexity. --- Pattern Recognition. --- Discrete Mathematics in Computer Science. --- Mathematics. --- Bio-informatics --- Biological informatics --- Information science --- Computational biology --- Systems biology --- Design perception --- Pattern recognition --- Form perception --- Perception --- Figure-ground perception --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Computer mathematics --- Discrete mathematics --- Algorism --- Algebra --- Arithmetic --- Automatic computers --- Automatic data processors --- Computer hardware --- Computing machines (Computers) --- Electronic calculating-machines --- Electronic computers --- Hardware, Computer --- Computer systems --- Cybernetics --- Calculators --- Cyberspace --- Informatics --- Science --- Data processing --- Mathematics --- Foundations --- Computer software. --- Optical pattern recognition. --- Computational complexity. --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Complexity, Computational --- Optical data processing --- Pattern perception --- Perceptrons --- Visual discrimination --- Software, Computer --- Computer science—Mathematics. --- Pattern recognition systems. --- Discrete mathematics. --- Computational and Systems Biology. --- Theory of Computation. --- Automated Pattern Recognition. --- Discrete mathematical structures --- Mathematical structures, Discrete --- Structures, Discrete mathematical --- Numerical analysis --- Pattern classification systems --- Pattern recognition computers --- Computer vision

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The two volume set LNCS 7491 and 7492 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature, PPSN 2012, held in Taormina, Sicily, Italy, in September 2012. The total of 105 revised full papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 226 submissions. The meeting began with 5 workshops which offered an ideal opportunity to explore specific topics in evolutionary computation, bio-inspired computing and metaheuristics. PPSN 2012 also included 8 tutorials. The papers are organized in topical sections on evolutionary computation; machine learning, classifier systems, image processing; experimental analysis, encoding, EDA, GP; multiobjective optimization; swarm intelligence, collective behavior, coevolution and robotics; memetic algorithms, hybridized techniques, meta and hyperheuristics; and applications.

Parallel processing (Electronic computers) --- Evolutionary computation --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Mechanical Engineering --- Computer Science --- Mechanical Engineering - General --- Information Technology --- Artificial Intelligence --- Computer science. --- Computers. --- Algorithms. --- Computer science --- Artificial intelligence. --- Pattern recognition. --- Bioinformatics. --- Computer Science. --- Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics). --- Computational Biology/Bioinformatics. --- Computation by Abstract Devices. --- Pattern Recognition. --- Algorithm Analysis and Problem Complexity. --- Discrete Mathematics in Computer Science. --- Mathematics. --- Bio-informatics --- Biological informatics --- Biology --- Information science --- Computational biology --- Systems biology --- Design perception --- Pattern recognition --- Form perception --- Perception --- Figure-ground perception --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Computer mathematics --- Discrete mathematics --- Algorism --- Algebra --- Arithmetic --- Automatic computers --- Automatic data processors --- Computer hardware --- Computing machines (Computers) --- Electronic calculating-machines --- Electronic computers --- Hardware, Computer --- Computer systems --- Cybernetics --- Calculators --- Cyberspace --- Informatics --- Science --- Data processing --- Mathematics --- Foundations --- Optical pattern recognition. --- Computer software. --- Computational complexity. --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Complexity, Computational --- Software, Computer --- Optical data processing --- Pattern perception --- Perceptrons --- Visual discrimination --- Computer science—Mathematics. --- Pattern recognition systems. --- Discrete mathematics. --- Computational and Systems Biology. --- Theory of Computation. --- Automated Pattern Recognition. --- Discrete mathematical structures --- Mathematical structures, Discrete --- Structures, Discrete mathematical --- Numerical analysis --- Pattern classification systems --- Pattern recognition computers --- Computer vision

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The two volume set LNCS 7491 and 7492 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature, PPSN 2012, held in Taormina, Sicily, Italy, in September 2012. The total of 105 revised full papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 226 submissions. The meeting began with 6 workshops which offered an ideal opportunity to explore specific topics in evolutionary computation, bio-inspired computing and metaheuristics. PPSN 2012 also included 8 tutorials. The papers are organized in topical sections on evolutionary computation; machine learning, classifier systems, image processing; experimental analysis, encoding, EDA, GP; multiobjective optimization; swarm intelligence, collective behavior, coevolution and robotics; memetic algorithms, hybridized techniques, meta and hyperheuristics; and applications.

Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Mechanical Engineering --- Computer Science --- Mechanical Engineering - General --- Information Technology --- Artificial Intelligence --- Parallel processing (Electronic computers) --- Evolutionary computation --- Computer science. --- Computers. --- Algorithms. --- Computer science --- Artificial intelligence. --- Pattern recognition. --- Bioinformatics. --- Computer Science. --- Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics). --- Computational Biology/Bioinformatics. --- Computation by Abstract Devices. --- Pattern Recognition. --- Algorithm Analysis and Problem Complexity. --- Discrete Mathematics in Computer Science. --- Mathematics. --- Bio-informatics --- Biological informatics --- Biology --- Information science --- Computational biology --- Systems biology --- Design perception --- Pattern recognition --- Form perception --- Perception --- Figure-ground perception --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Computer mathematics --- Discrete mathematics --- Algorism --- Algebra --- Arithmetic --- Automatic computers --- Automatic data processors --- Computer hardware --- Computing machines (Computers) --- Electronic calculating-machines --- Electronic computers --- Hardware, Computer --- Computer systems --- Cybernetics --- Calculators --- Cyberspace --- Informatics --- Science --- Data processing --- Mathematics --- Foundations --- Optical pattern recognition. --- Computer software. --- Computational complexity. --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Optical data processing --- Pattern perception --- Perceptrons --- Visual discrimination --- Complexity, Computational --- Software, Computer --- Computer science—Mathematics. --- Pattern recognition systems. --- Discrete mathematics. --- Computational and Systems Biology. --- Theory of Computation. --- Automated Pattern Recognition. --- Discrete mathematical structures --- Mathematical structures, Discrete --- Structures, Discrete mathematical --- Numerical analysis --- Pattern classification systems --- Pattern recognition computers --- Computer vision

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We are very pleased to present this LNCS volume, the proceedings of the 8th InternationalConferenceonParallelProblemSolvingfromNature(PPSNVIII). PPSN is one of the most respected and highly regarded conference series in evolutionary computation and natural computing/computation. This biennial eventwas?rstheldinDortmundin1990,andtheninBrussels(1992),Jerusalem (1994), Berlin (1996), Amsterdam (1998), Paris (2000), and Granada (2002). PPSN VIII continues to be the conference of choice by researchers all over the world who value its high quality. We received a record 358 paper submissions this year. After an extensive peer review process involving more than 1100 reviews, the programme c- mittee selected the top 119 papers for inclusion in this volume and, of course, for presentation at the conference. This represents an acceptance rate of 33%. Please note that review reports with scores only but no textual comments were not considered in the chairs’ ranking decisions. The papers included in this volume cover a wide range of topics, from e- lutionary computation to swarm intelligence and from bio-inspired computing to real-world applications. They represent some of the latest and best research in evolutionary and natural computation. Following the PPSN tradition, all - persatPPSNVIII werepresentedasposters.Therewere7 sessions:eachsession consisting of around 17 papers. For each session, we covered as wide a range of topics as possible so that participants with di?erent interests would ?nd some relevant papers at every session.

Parallel processing (Electronic computers) --- Evolutionary computation --- Computer Science --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Computer science. --- Architecture, Computer. --- Computer programming. --- Software engineering. --- Computers. --- Algorithms. --- Artificial intelligence. --- Computer Science. --- Computer System Implementation. --- Computation by Abstract Devices. --- Algorithm Analysis and Problem Complexity. --- Programming Techniques. --- Software Engineering. --- Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics). --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Algorism --- Algebra --- Arithmetic --- Automatic computers --- Automatic data processors --- Computer hardware --- Computing machines (Computers) --- Electronic calculating-machines --- Electronic computers --- Hardware, Computer --- Computer systems --- Cybernetics --- Calculators --- Cyberspace --- Computer software engineering --- Engineering --- Computers --- Electronic computer programming --- Electronic digital computers --- Programming (Electronic computers) --- Coding theory --- Architecture, Computer --- Informatics --- Science --- Foundations --- Programming --- Computer network architectures. --- Computer software. --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Architectures, Computer network --- Network architectures, Computer --- Computer architecture --- Software, Computer