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Like any goal-oriented procedure, experiment is subject to many kinds of failures. These failures have a variety of features, depending on the particulars of their sources. For the experimenter these pitfalls should be avoided and their effects minimized. For the historian-philosopher of science and the science educator, on the other hand, they are instructive starting points for reflecting on science in general and scientific method and practice in particular. Often more is learned from failure than from confirmation and successful application. The identification of error, its source, its context, and its treatment shed light on both practices and epistemic claims. This book shows that it is fruitful to bring to light forgotten and lost failures, subject them to analysis and learn from their moral. The study of failures, errors, pitfalls and mistakes helps us understand the way knowledge is pursued and indeed generated. The book presents both historical accounts and philosophical analyses of failures in experimental practice. It covers topics such as "error as an object of study", "learning from error", "concepts and dead ends", "instrumental artifacts", and "surprise and puzzlement". This book will be of interest to historians, philosophers, and sociologists of science as well as to practicing scientists and science educators.
Research --- Research. --- Methodology. --- Science --- Science research --- Scientific research --- Information services --- Learning and scholarship --- Methodology --- Research teams --- History. --- Philosophy of Science. --- History of Science. --- Science, Humanities and Social Sciences, multidisciplinary. --- Philosophy. --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Normal science --- Philosophy of science --- Philosophy and science. --- Science and philosophy
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Philosophy of science --- Philosophy --- Logical positivism --- Science --- Logical positivism. --- Philosophy. --- Logical empiricism --- Neo-empiricism --- Neo-positivism --- Physicalism --- Positivism, Logical --- Unity of science movement --- Mental philosophy --- Normal science --- Language and logic --- Logic --- Meaning (Psychology) --- Positivism --- Reductionism --- Relationism --- Analysis (Philosophy) --- Verification (Empiricism) --- Vienna circle --- Humanities --- Science - Philosophy
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Philosophy of science --- Science --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical --- Sciences --- Logique symbolique et mathématique --- Philosophy --- Philosophie --- Lakatos, Imre, , --- Logic, symbolic and mathematical --- Lakatos, Imre --- -Logic, Symbolic and mathematical --- Algebra of logic --- Logic, Universal --- Mathematical logic --- Symbolic and mathematical logic --- Symbolic logic --- Mathematics --- Algebra, Abstract --- Metamathematics --- Set theory --- Syllogism --- Natural science --- Science of science --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical. --- Philosophy. --- Logique symbolique et mathématique --- Normal science --- Lakatos, Imre. --- Lakatos, Imre, --- Science - Philosophy --- Lakatos, Imre, - 1922-1974
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Azarya Polikarov was born in Sofia on October 9, 1921. Through the many stages of politics, economy, and culture in Bulgaria, he maintained his rational humanity and scientific curiosity. He has been a splendid teacher and an accomplished critical philosopher exploring the conceptual and historical vicis situdes of physics in modern times and also the science policies that favor or threaten human life in these decades. Equally and easily at home both within the Eastern and Central European countries and within the Western world. Polikarov is known as a collaborating genial colleague, a working scholar. not at all a visiting academic tourist. He understands the philosophy of science from within, in all its developments, from the classical beginnings through the great ages of Galilean, Newtonian. Maxwellian science. to the times of the stunning discoveries and imaginative theories of his beloved Einstein and Bohr of the twentieth century. Moreover, his understanding has come along with a deep knowledge of the scientific topics in themselves. Looking at our Appendix listing his principal publications, we see that Polikarov's public research career, after years of science teaching and popular science writing, began in the fifties in Bulgarian, Russian and German journals.
Methodology --- Science --- -Natural science --- Science of science --- Sciences --- Philosophy --- Research --- Polikarov, Azaria Prizenti --- Polikarov, A. --- Polikarov, Asari --- Polikarov, Azari︠a︡ --- Polikarov, Azarya --- Поликаров, Азаря Призенти --- Methodology. --- Philosophy. --- -Philosophy --- Normal science --- Philosophy of science --- Polikarov, Azari︠a︡ Prizenti. --- Philosophy and science. --- Phenomenology . --- History. --- Philosophy of Science. --- Phenomenology. --- History, general. --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Philosophy, Modern --- Science and philosophy --- Humanities Methodology --- Поликаров, А. --- Polikarov, Azari︠a︡ Prizenti
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In this book, 11 leading scholars contribute to the understanding of the scientific and philosophical works of Moses Maimonides (1135-1204), the most luminous Jewish intellectual since Talmudic times. Deeply learned in mathematics, astronomy, astrology (which he strongly rejected), logic, philosophy, psychology, linguistics, and jurisprudence, and himself a practising physician, Maimonides flourished within the high Arabic culture of the 12th century, where he had momentous influence upon subsequent Jewish beliefs and behavior, upon ethical demands, and upon ritual traditions. For him, mastery of the sciences was indispensable in the process of religious fulfilment.
Science, Medieval --- Medieval science --- Maimonides, Moses --- -Views on science --- -Maïmonide, Moïse --- Moïse ben Maïmon, Rabbi --- ben Maimon, Mose --- Views on science --- Contributions in science --- Maimonides, Moses, --- Maïmonide, Moïse, --- Májmúni, Móse, --- Maimonides, --- Maimonid, --- Rambam, --- Mûsâ Maimûnî, --- Maimûnî, Mûsâ, --- Ibn Maymūn, Mūsá, --- Mosche ben Maimun, --- Maimonide, Mosè, --- Moses ben Maimon, --- Mosheh ben Maimon, --- Maymūn, Mūsá ibn, --- Maimon, Moses ben, --- Maimon, Mosheh ben, --- Mūsá ibn Maimūn, --- Maimun, Mosche ben, --- Moshe ben Maimon, --- Maimon, Moshe ben, --- Mosheh bar Maimon, --- Maimon, Mosheh bar, --- Mose ben Maimon, --- Maimon, Mose ben, --- Qurṭubī, Mūsá ibn Maymūn, --- Andalusī, Mūsá ibn Maymūn, --- Ram, --- Ram Bam, --- Mozes ben Maimon, --- Maimonides, Mozes, --- Maimoides, --- Mosheh, --- Maimoni, Mosheh, --- א. חיים --- בן מיימון, משה, --- בן מימון, משה --- בן מימון, משה, --- בן־מיימון, משה --- הרמב״ם --- הרמב״ם, --- יונה מגירונדי --- כ״ץ, אלי --- מושה בן מיימון, --- מיימון --- מיימון, משה --- מיימון, משה בר, --- מיימון, משה, --- מיימון, צשה בן --- מיימוני --- מיימוני, משה --- מימון, גד --- מימון, משה --- מימון, משה בן, --- מימון, משה, --- מימונידס, משה --- ממימון, משה --- משה בו מימון --- משה בון מימון, --- משה במן מימון --- משה בן מיימון --- משה בן מיימון, רמב״ם, 1135־1204 --- משה בן מיימון, רמב״ם, --- משה בן מיימון, --- משה בן מימון --- משה בן מימון־־משנה תורה־־הלכות תשובה־־פירושים --- משה בן מימון, --- משה בן מימון--משנה תורה--הלכות דעות--פירושים --- משה בן מימון.משנה תורה --- משה בן מימון.משנה תורה־־באורים --- משה בן מימין, --- משה בן מימן --- משה בן מימן, --- משה בר מיימון --- משה בר מיימון, --- משה בר מימון --- משה בר מימון, --- משה בר מײמון רמב״ם, --- משה ברבי מיימון --- משה נן מיימוני, --- משה נן מימון --- משה קן מימון, --- משה, המיימוני --- פרנקל, שבתי, --- רבמ״ם --- רבנו משה בן מיימון, --- רמב"ם --- רמב״ם, --- ר״מ --- ابن ميمون، موسى --- ابن ميمون، موسى، --- Philosophy and science. --- Epistemology. --- History. --- Philosophy of Science. --- History, general. --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Epistemology --- Theory of knowledge --- Philosophy --- Psychology --- Science and philosophy --- Science
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