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Au XIXe siècle, la France s'est lancée dans la colonisation de pays entiers en Afrique et en Asie. Quelles ont été les motivations et les méthodes de cette politique ? Comment les sociétés dominées ont-elles été bouleversées, et quel développement économique et social ont-elles connu ? La décolonisation est-elle achevée aujourd'hui ? Un empire bon marché propose de nouvelles réponses à ces questions controversées. Grâce à un long travail d'archives et d'analyse statistique, l'ouvrage décrit ainsi avec une grande précision les États coloniaux et leur fonctionnement - à travers notamment la fiscalité, le recrutement militaire, les flux de capitaux et les inégalités. Il montre que l'empire a peu coûté à la métropole jusqu'aux guerres d'indépendance, et que les capitaux français n'ont pas ruisselé vers les colonies. La " mission civilisatrice " que la République française s'était assignée n'a donc pas débouché sur le développement des pays occupés, et c'est plutôt un régime à la fois violent et ambigu qui s'y est établi. De fait, le régime colonial a surtout bénéficié à une petite minorité de colons et de capitalistes français. Quant aux élites nationalistes, elles ont le plus souvent reconduit un État autoritaire et inégalitaire après les indépendances. En s'attachant à l'évolution des sociétés colonisées et à leur devenir, Denis Cogneau fournit une contribution majeure et un nouvel éclairage sur l'impérialisme, d'hier à aujourd'hui. --
France --- Colonies françaises --- Aspect économique --- Colonies. --- Colonie française --- Aspects économiques --- XIXe-XXe s. -- 1801-2000 --- Colonies --- Economic conditions. --- Economic policy. --- Economic history. --- French colonies. --- Conditions économiques. --- Politique économique.
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This paper studies interactions between aid and three other major North-South flows : international trade, FDI and migrations. It mainly focuses on the question of whether aid is allocated to countries that are benefiting from the other flows considered here or the reverse. It appears that aid allocation is increasingly compensatory, while its relative weight among other flows, and hence its compensatory power, has decreased over the past three decades. This paper also addresses whether policies carried out in the other dimensions affect the efficiency of a dollar of aid in terms of the poverty reduction. Nevertheless, it appears that the empirical identification of positive complementarities between aid and other policies is particularly difficult to reach.
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Foreign aid flows disproportionately to the poorest among the developing countries. Countries that account for the poorest fifth of world’s population receive more than a fifth of aid spending from OECD countries. Similarly, the benefits of trade flow likewise to more prosperous countries: the poorest countries export very little to the OECD and consequently earn very little in export earnings.
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This paper studies interactions between aid and three other major North-South flows : international trade, FDI and migrations. It mainly focuses on the question of whether aid is allocated to countries that are benefiting from the other flows considered here or the reverse. It appears that aid allocation is increasingly compensatory, while its relative weight among other flows, and hence its compensatory power, has decreased over the past three decades. This paper also addresses whether policies carried out in the other dimensions affect the efficiency of a dollar of aid in terms of the poverty reduction. Nevertheless, it appears that the empirical identification of positive complementarities between aid and other policies is particularly difficult to reach.
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L’aide étrangère afflue de manière disproportionnée vers les pays en développement les plus pauvres : en effet, les pays qui représentent un cinquième de la population mondiale la plus démunie reçoivent plus d’un cinquième de l’aide provenant des pays de l’OCDE.
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This paper studies interactions between aid and three other major North-South flows : international trade, FDI and migrations. It mainly focuses on the question of whether aid is allocated to countries that are benefiting from the other flows considered here or the reverse. It appears that aid allocation is increasingly compensatory, while its relative weight among other flows, and hence its compensatory power, has decreased over the past three decades. This paper also addresses whether policies carried out in the other dimensions affect the efficiency of a dollar of aid in terms of the poverty reduction. Nevertheless, it appears that the empirical identification of positive complementarities between aid and other policies is particularly difficult to reach.
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This paper studies interactions between aid and three other major North-South flows : international trade, FDI and migrations. It mainly focuses on the question of whether aid is allocated to countries that are benefiting from the other flows considered here or the reverse. It appears that aid allocation is increasingly compensatory, while its relative weight among other flows, and hence its compensatory power, has decreased over the past three decades. This paper also addresses whether policies carried out in the other dimensions affect the efficiency of a dollar of aid in terms of the poverty reduction. Nevertheless, it appears that the empirical identification of positive complementarities between aid and other policies is particularly difficult to reach.
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This paper studies interactions between aid and three other major North-South flows : international trade, FDI and migrations. It mainly focuses on the question of whether aid is allocated to countries that are benefiting from the other flows considered here or the reverse. It appears that aid allocation is increasingly compensatory, while its relative weight among other flows, and hence its compensatory power, has decreased over the past three decades. This paper also addresses whether policies carried out in the other dimensions affect the efficiency of a dollar of aid in terms of the poverty reduction. Nevertheless, it appears that the empirical identification of positive complementarities between aid and other policies is particularly difficult to reach.
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L’aide étrangère afflue de manière disproportionnée vers les pays en développement les plus pauvres : en effet, les pays qui représentent un cinquième de la population mondiale la plus démunie reçoivent plus d’un cinquième de l’aide provenant des pays de l’OCDE.
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Foreign aid flows disproportionately to the poorest among the developing countries. Countries that account for the poorest fifth of world’s population receive more than a fifth of aid spending from OECD countries. Similarly, the benefits of trade flow likewise to more prosperous countries: the poorest countries export very little to the OECD and consequently earn very little in export earnings.
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