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This book describes research performed in the context of trust/distrust propagation and aggregation, and their use in recommender systems. This is a hot research topic with important implications for various application areas. The main innovative contributions of the work are: -new bilattice-based model for trust and distrust, allowing for ignorance and inconsistency -proposals for various propagation and aggregation operators, including the analysis of mathematical properties -Evaluation of these operators on real data, including a discussion on the data sets and their characteristics. -A novel approach for identifying controversial items in a recommender system -An analysis on the utility of including distrust in recommender systems -Various approaches for trust based recommendations (a.o. base on collaborative filtering), an in depth experimental analysis, and proposal for a hybrid approach -Analysis of various user types in recommender systems to optimize bootstrapping of cold start users.

Computer security. --- Information filtering. --- Recommender systems (Information filtering). --- Mechanical Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Computer Science --- Mechanical Engineering - General --- Information Technology --- Artificial Intelligence --- Recommender systems (Information filtering) --- Engines, Recommendation (Information filtering) --- Recommendation engines (Information filtering) --- Recommendation systems (Information filtering) --- Systems, Recommendation (Information filtering) --- Systems, Recommender (Information filtering) --- Computer science. --- Logic design. --- Artificial intelligence. --- Computer Science. --- Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics). --- Logic Design. --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Design, Logic --- Design of logic systems --- Digital electronics --- Electronic circuit design --- Logic circuits --- Switching theory --- Informatics --- Science --- Information filtering systems --- Artificial Intelligence.

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EVALITA is a periodic evaluation campaign of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and speech tools for the Italian language. The general objective of EVALITA is to promote the development of language and speech technologies for the Italian language, providing a shared framework where different systems and approaches can be evaluated in a consistent manner. The diffusion of shared tasks and shared evaluation practices is a crucial step towards the development of resources and tools for NLP and speech sciences. The good response obtained by EVALITA, both in the number of participants and in the quality of results, showed that it is worth pursuing such goals for the Italian language. As a side effect of the evaluation campaign, both training and test data are available to the scientific community as benchmarks for future improvements. EVALITA is an initiative of the Italian Association for Computational Linguistics (AILC) and it is endorsed by the Italian Association for Artificial Intelligence (AI*IA) and the Italian Association for Speech Sciences (AISV).

Language & Linguistics --- elaborazione del linguaggio naturale --- strumenti del linguaggio --- traitement du langage naturel --- outils du langage --- Natural Language Processing --- Speech Tools