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African independence launched into international politics a group of the world's poorest, weakest, and most artificial states. How have such states managed to survive? To what extent is their survival now threatened? Christopher Clapham shows how an initially supportive international environment has - as a result partly of political and economic mismanagement within African states themselves, partly of global developments over which they had no control - become increasingly threatening to African rulers and the states over which they preside. The author also reveals how international conventions designed to uphold state sovereignty have often been appropriated and subverted by rulers to enhance their domestic control, and how African states have been undermined by guerrilla insurgencies and the use of international relations to serve essentially private ends. He shows how awkward, how ambiguous, how unsatisfactory, and often how tragic, has been the encounter between Africa and Western conceptions of statehood.

Soevereiniteit --- Souveraineté --- Sovereignty --- Self-determination, National --- Sovereignty. --- Droit des peuples à disposer d'eux-mêmes --- Africa --- Afrique --- Foreign relations --- Relations extérieures --- -Sovereignty --- #SBIB:327.4H71 --- #SBIB:AANKOOP --- State sovereignty (International relations) --- International law --- Political science --- Common heritage of mankind (International law) --- International relations --- National self-determination --- Nationalism --- Nation-state --- Nationalities, Principle of --- Derde wereld en wereldsysteem, internationale relaties --- Law and legislation --- Eastern Hemisphere --- -Self-determination, National --- Droit des peuples à disposer d'eux-mêmes --- Souveraineté --- Relations extérieures --- International relations. Foreign policy --- Internal politics --- 1960 --- -Self-determination [National ] --- Social Sciences --- Political Science --- Self-determination, National - Africa --- Africa - Foreign relations - 1960

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Why is the Horn such a distinctive part of Africa ? This book, by one of the foremost scholars of the region, traces this question through its exceptional history and also probes the wildly divergent fates of the Horn's contemporary nation-states, despite the striking regional particularity inherited from the colonial past. The author explores how the Horn's peculiar topography gave rise to the Ethiopian empire, the sole African state not only to survive European colonialism, but also to participate in a colonial enterprise of its own. Its impact on its neighbours, present-day Djibouti, Eritrea, Somalia and Somaliland, created a region very different from that of post-colonial Africa. This dynamic has become all the more distinct since 1991, when Eritrea and Somaliland emerged from the break-up of both Ethiopia and Somalia. Yet this evolution has produced highly varied outcomes in the region's constituent countries, from state collapse (and deeply flawed reconstruction) in Somalia, through militarised isolation in Eritrea, to a still fragile 'developmental state' in Ethiopia. The tensions implicit in the process of state formation now drive the relationships between the once historically close nations of the Horn.

NATION-BUILDING--HORN OF AFRICA --- HORN OF AFRICA--HISTORY --- HORN OF AFRICA--POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT

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Developing countries

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