Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The current political turmoil for more open and participative societies in many Arab countries coupled with the emergence of new growth poles around the world could create the conditions for a big push toward greater regional and global trade integration of the Arab world. Further integrating Arab countries among themselves and opening up the region to the rest of the world are two complementary avenues to improve market access, promote behind-the-border regulatory reforms, facilitate cooperation on regional public goods, foster the emergence of an "Arab factory" through regional supply chains and productions networks, and eventually create the conditions for more and better paid jobs for the growing Arab workforce. A more ambitious trade agenda in the context of the Pan-Arab Free Trade Area would be a good place to start. Although difficult and challenging, and requiring a good dosage of flexibility and variable geometry, such an agenda would consist of (1) completing the free movement of goods within the Pan-Arab Free Trade Area, notably through the elimination of unnecessary non-tariff barriers; (2) implementing a regional initiative to liberalize services trade, including identifying a number of pilot service sectors for early regional liberalization; and (3) strengthening the rules and discipline applicable to regional trade and other policies of common interest.

Arab World --- Emerging Markets --- Free Trade --- International Economics & Trade --- Knowledge Platforms --- Non-Tariff Measures --- Pafta --- Preferential Trade Agreements --- Services Liberalization --- Trade and Regional Integration --- Trade Integration --- Trade Law --- Trade Policy --- Trade Rules and Discipline

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Le Maroc a l'horizon 2040 : Investir dans le capital immateriel pour accelerer l'emergence economique documenteles grandes avancees economiques et sociales realisees par le Maroc au cours des 15 dernieres annees etanalyse les politiques economiques ainsi que les conditions d'economie politique a meme d'accelerer lerythme de rattrapage de l'economie marocaine d'ici 2040. Un tel rattrapage passerait par des effortsdecuples pour renforcer le capital institutionnel, humain et social du Maroc - ce qu'on appelle aussi lecapital immateriel.

Competition --- Economic Integration --- French Translation --- Growth --- Human Capital --- Institutional Capital --- Private Sector Development --- Productivity --- Social Capital --- Trust --- Wealth Accumulation

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The current political turmoil for more open and participative societies in many Arab countries coupled with the emergence of new growth poles around the world could create the conditions for a big push toward greater regional and global trade integration of the Arab world. Further integrating Arab countries among themselves and opening up the region to the rest of the world are two complementary avenues to improve market access, promote behind-the-border regulatory reforms, facilitate cooperation on regional public goods, foster the emergence of an "Arab factory" through regional supply chains and productions networks, and eventually create the conditions for more and better paid jobs for the growing Arab workforce. A more ambitious trade agenda in the context of the Pan-Arab Free Trade Area would be a good place to start. Although difficult and challenging, and requiring a good dosage of flexibility and variable geometry, such an agenda would consist of (1) completing the free movement of goods within the Pan-Arab Free Trade Area, notably through the elimination of unnecessary non-tariff barriers; (2) implementing a regional initiative to liberalize services trade, including identifying a number of pilot service sectors for early regional liberalization; and (3) strengthening the rules and discipline applicable to regional trade and other policies of common interest.

Arab World --- Emerging Markets --- Free Trade --- International Economics & Trade --- Knowledge Platforms --- Non-Tariff Measures --- Pafta --- Preferential Trade Agreements --- Services Liberalization --- Trade and Regional Integration --- Trade Integration --- Trade Law --- Trade Policy --- Trade Rules and Discipline

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The popular grievances that have fueled the Arab Spring since 2010 demonstrate that past development paradigms have failed to achieve the inclusive and sustainable growth expected by Arab populations. Countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region have failed to develop a strong private sector that is linked with global markets, survives without state assistance, and generates productive employment for young people. One key symptom of this maldevelopment is that, with the exception of the petroleum sector, MENA remains the least trade-integrated region in the world. The Deauville

Investments, Foreign --- Arab countries --- Middle East --- Foreign economic relations. --- Commercial policy. --- Commerce. --- Economic integration. --- Economic policy. --- Capital exports --- Capital imports --- FDI (Foreign direct investment) --- Foreign direct investment --- Foreign investment --- Foreign investments --- International investment --- Offshore investments --- Outward investments --- Asia, South West --- Asia, Southwest --- Asia, Western --- East (Middle East) --- Eastern Mediterranean --- Fertile Crescent --- Levant --- Mediterranean Region, Eastern --- Mideast --- Near East --- Northern Tier (Middle East) --- South West Asia --- Southwest Asia --- Arab world --- Arabic countries --- Arabic-speaking states --- Capital movements --- Investments --- Asia, West --- West Asia --- Western Asia --- Orient --- Islamic countries

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

As world leaders have agreed to massively support trade finance, this paper discusses the singularity of the issues related to trade finance in the context of the global economic crisis. Why should international trade finance be a particular issue of concern in the current circumstances? Are there specific market or government failures associated with trade finance that justify a special and differential treatment of the issue by policymakers? If so, what would then be the most appropriate policy instruments to address those concerns? The paper cautions against the notion of a large trade finance "gap," yet highlights the possible rationales and conditions for an effective intervention in support of trade finance.

Access to Finance --- Bank credit --- Banks and Banking Reform --- Central banks --- Credit lines --- Debt Markets --- Economic Theory and Research --- Emerging Markets --- Emerging markets --- Exporters --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Financial crisis --- Financial Intermediation --- Forms of credit --- Information asymmetries --- International bank --- International markets --- International trade --- Labor Policies --- Lines of credit --- Liquidity --- Liquidity crisis --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Market failure --- Missing markets --- Policy responses --- Political economy --- Private Sector Development --- Social Protections and Labor --- Trade finance --- Working capital