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The emerging consensus that institutions shape political and economic outcomes has produced few theories of institutional change and no defensible theory of institutional origination. Kiren Aziz Chaudhry shows how state and market institutions are created and transformed in Saudi Arabia and Yemen, two countries that typify labor and oil exporters in the developing worlds. In a world where the international economy dramatically affects domestic developments, the question of where institutions come from becomes at once more urgent and more complex. In both Saudi Arabia and Yemen, fundamental state and market institutions forged during a period of isolation at the end of World War I were destroyed and reshaped not once but three times in response to exogenous shocks. Comparing boom-bust cycles, Chaudhry exposes the alternating social and organizational origins of institutions, arguing that both broad changes in the international economy and specific forms of international integration shape institutional outcomes. Labor and oil exporters thus experience identical economic cycles but generate radically different state, market, and financial institutions in response to different resource flows. Chaudhry supplemented years of field work in Saudi Arabia and Yemen with extensive analysis of previously unavailable materials in the Saudi national archives.

ECONOMIC CONDITIONS -- 338.98 --- MIDDLE EAST -- 338.98 --- Ĭemen (Republic) --- Yaman (Republic) --- Jemen (Republic) --- Ėl'-Iemen (Republic) --- Yaman al-Shamālī --- Republic of Yemen --- Yamanīyah (Republic) --- Jumhūrīyah al-Yamanīyah --- Ǧumhūriyyah al-Yamaniyyah --- يَمَن (Republic) --- Jumhūriyyah al Yamaniyyah --- Yamaniyyah (Republic) --- جمهورية اليمنية --- Republiek van Jemen --- Yeme (Republic) --- República de Yeme --- Емен (Republic) --- Emen (Republic) --- Еменская Рэспубліка --- Emenskai︠a︡ Rėspublika --- Йемен (Republic) --- Република Йемен --- Republika Ĭemen --- Shádiʼááhjí Ásáí Bikéyah --- Jeemen (Republic) --- Jeemeni Vabariik --- Υεμένη (Republic) --- Yemenē (Republic) --- Δημοκρατία της Υεμένης --- Dēmokratia tēs Yemenēs --- República de Yemen --- República del Yemen --- Jemeno --- Yemengo Errepublika --- République du Yémen --- Poblacht Éimin --- Éimin (Republic) --- Yeaman (Republic) --- Pobblaght ny Yeaman --- Eaman (Republic) --- Poblachd Iemein --- Йеменмудин Орн --- Ĭemenmudin Orn --- 예멘 (Republic) --- Saudi Arabia --- Yemen (Republic) --- Middle East --- イエメン (Republic) --- Yemen (Arab Republic) --- Yemen (People's Democratic Republic) --- Economic policy. --- Economic conditions. --- Politics and government. --- Република Йемен --- Йемен (Republic) --- Йеменмудин Орн --- POLITICAL SCIENCE / Political Economy.