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The essays in this open access volume identify the key ingredients for success in capitalizing on public investments in scientific projects and the development of large-scale research infrastructures. Investment in science – whether in education and training or through public funding for developing new research tools and technologies – is a crucial priority. Authors from big research laboratories/organizations, funding agencies and academia discuss how investing in science can produce societal benefits as well as identifying future challenges for scientists and policy makers. The volume cites different ways to assess the socio-economic impact of Research Infrastructures and their role as hubs of global collaboration, creativity and innovation. It highlights the different benefits stemming from fundamental research at the local, national and global level, while also inviting us to rethink the notion of “benefit” in the 21st century. Public investment is required to maintain the pace of technological and scientific advancements over the next decades. Far from advocating a radical transformation and massive expansion in funding, the authors suggest ways for maintaining a strong foundation of science and research to ensure that we continue to benefit from the outputs. The volume draws inspiration from the first “Economics of Big Science” workshop, held in Brussels in 2019 with the aim of creating a new space for dialogue and interaction between representatives of Big Science organizations, policy makers and academia. It aspires to provide useful reading for policy makers, scientists and students of science, who are increasingly called upon to explain the value of fundamental research and adopt the language and logic of economics when engaging in policy discussions.

Nuclear physics. --- Economic policy. --- Space sciences. --- Big data. --- Capital investments. --- Particle and Nuclear Physics. --- R & D/Technology Policy. --- Space Sciences (including Extraterrestrial Physics, Space Exploration and Astronautics). --- Big Data. --- Investment Appraisal. --- Capital expenditures --- Capital improvements --- Capital spending --- Fixed asset expenditures --- Plant and equipment investments --- Plant investments --- Investments --- Data sets, Large --- Large data sets --- Data sets --- Science and space --- Space research --- Cosmology --- Science --- Astronomy --- Economic nationalism --- Economic planning --- National planning --- State planning --- Economics --- Planning --- National security --- Social policy --- Atomic nuclei --- Atoms, Nuclei of --- Nucleus of the atom --- Physics --- Particle and Nuclear Physics --- R & D/Technology Policy --- Space Sciences (including Extraterrestrial Physics, Space Exploration and Astronautics) --- Big Data --- Investment Appraisal --- Nuclear and Particle Physics --- Space Physics --- Finance --- Investing in fundamental science --- Societal benefits / value of science --- Measuring socio-economic impact of science --- Benefits from fundamental research --- Big science projects finance/costs --- Cost of large-scale scientific projects --- Societal value of fundamental science --- Open Access --- Particle & high-energy physics --- Research & development management --- Astronautics --- Databases --- Investment & securities

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The essays in this book aims to map the nature and extent of the societal impacts of Big Science and the mechanisms that generate such effects, as well as highlight the complex realities that can be used as guidelines to fund Big Science facilities, and how we can maximize their impact. As science itself has become a subject of study and debate beyond the scientific community, these collected essays aim to encourage a dialogue with relevant stakeholders (such as scientists, policymakers, research managers and industry) and highlight the complex role that science plays in today's society.

Science --- Impact of science & technology on society. --- SCIENCE / Philosophy & Social Aspects. --- Social aspects. --- Philosophy.