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In recent years, numerous scientific investigations have studied the anatomical, biomechanical and functional role of structures involved in the human knee joint. The Finite Element Method (FEM) has been seen as an interesting tool to study and simulate biosystems. It has been extensively used to analyse the knee joint and various types of knee diseases and rehabilitation procedures such as the High Tibial Osteotomy (HTO). This work presents a review on FEM analysis of the human knee joint and HTO knee surgery, and discusses how adequate this computational tool is for this type of biomedical applications. Hence, various studies addressing the knee joint based on Finite Element Analysis (FEA) are reviewed, and an overview of clinical and biomechanical studies on the optimization of the correction angle of the postoperative knee surgery is provided.

Knee. --- Engineering. --- Computer-aided engineering. --- Structural mechanics. --- Biomedical engineering. --- Biomaterials. --- Biomedical Engineering. --- Structural Mechanics. --- Computer-Aided Engineering (CAD, CAE) and Design. --- Biocompatible materials --- Biomaterials --- Medical materials --- Medicine --- Biomedical engineering --- Materials --- Biocompatibility --- Prosthesis --- Clinical engineering --- Medical engineering --- Bioengineering --- Biophysics --- Engineering --- Architectural engineering --- Engineering, Architectural --- Structural mechanics --- Structures, Theory of --- Structural engineering --- CAE --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Data processing --- Genu --- Genus (Anatomy) --- Knee joint --- Joints --- Leg --- Stifle joint --- Mechanics. --- Mechanics, Applied. --- Computer aided design. --- Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering. --- Solid Mechanics. --- CAD (Computer-aided design) --- Computer-assisted design --- Computer-aided engineering --- Design --- Applied mechanics --- Engineering, Mechanical --- Engineering mathematics --- Classical mechanics --- Newtonian mechanics --- Physics --- Dynamics --- Quantum theory --- Bioartificial materials --- Hemocompatible materials --- Biomaterials (Biomedical materials)