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Brotero é apresentado neste livro como um cientista muito marcado pelos anos que viveu em Paris e pela oportunidade que aí teve de conhecer cientistas como Daubenton, Antoine de Jussieu, Buffon e Lamarck. O prestígio internacional de Brotero é reconhecido por eminentes botânicos contemporâneos, ao atribuírem o seu nome a diversas espécies vegetais. As boas relações internacionais que construiu acabarão por lhe granjear o apoio necessário para a execução de algumas das suas obras em Portugal. Sem este apoio, talvez não tivesse conseguido enfrentar muitas adversidades, nomeadamente as contradições mesquinhas que dominavam o meio académico português.

Botanists. --- Biography. --- Avellar Brotero, Felix de,

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Brotero é apresentado neste livro como um cientista muito marcado pelos anos que viveu em Paris e pela oportunidade que aí teve de conhecer cientistas como Daubenton, Antoine de Jussieu, Buffon e Lamarck. O prestígio internacional de Brotero é reconhecido por eminentes botânicos contemporâneos, ao atribuírem o seu nome a diversas espécies vegetais. As boas relações internacionais que construiu acabarão por lhe granjear o apoio necessário para a execução de algumas das suas obras em Portugal. Sem este apoio, talvez não tivesse conseguido enfrentar muitas adversidades, nomeadamente as contradições mesquinhas que dominavam o meio académico português.

Botanists. --- Biography. --- Avellar Brotero, Felix de,

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This book focuses on Luis Frois, a 16th-century Portuguese Jesuit and chronicler, who recorded his impressions of Japanese gardens, cities and building practices, tea-drinking rituals, Japan’s unification efforts, cultural traditions, and the many differences between Europe and Japan in remarkable manuscripts almost lost to time. This research also draws on other Portuguese descriptions from contemporary sources spanning the years 1543 – 1597, later validated by Japanese history and iconography. Importantly, explorer Jorge Alvares recorded his experiences of discovery, prompting St. Francis Xavier to visit Japan in 1549, thus ushering in the “Christian Century” in Japan. During this long period of accord and reciprocal curiosity, the Portuguese wrote in excess of 1500 pages of letters to European Jesuits that detail their impressions of the island nation—not to mention their observations of powerful public figures such as Oda Nobunaga, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, and Sen no Rikyu. In addition to examining these letters, the authors translated and researched early descriptions of 23 gardens in Kyoto and Nara and 9 important cities—later visited by the authors, sketched, photographed and compared with the imagery painted on 16th-century Japanese screens. However, the data gathered for this project was found mainly within five large volumes of Frois’ História do Japão (2500 pages) and his Treaty on Contradictions—two incomparable anthropological works that were unpublished until the mid-20th century for reasons detailed herein. His volumes continue to be explored for their insightful observations of places, cultural practices, and the formidable historical figures with whom he interacted. Thus, this book examines the world’s first globalization efforts that resulted in profitable commerce, the introduction of Portuguese firearms that changed Japan’s history, scientific advances, religious expansion, and many artistic exchanges that have endured the centuries.

Art --- Environmental planning --- Architecture --- Geography --- History of Asia --- landschapsarchitectuur --- kaarten (geografie) --- geschiedenis --- kunst --- architectuur --- geografie --- Japan

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Art --- Environmental planning --- Architecture --- Geography --- History of Asia --- landschapsarchitectuur --- kaarten (geografie) --- geschiedenis --- kunst --- architectuur --- geografie --- Japan

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GARDEN TRANSMISSIONS: WORD, IMAGE, EXPERIENCE, FUTURE examines the ways in which the exchange of garden forms, designs, technologies, and styles created a global garden culture at the intersection of nature and cultural expression from the early modern age to the present. Europe, at the center of this global exchange, drew inspiration from Islamic and Chinese garden traditions and benefitted from the traffic of botanical novelties from the Americas. In turn, European models were successfully exported to other parts of the world and adapted to other landscapes, environments, and climates. The appropriation of new design ideas, methods, and trends resulted in new garden types and invigorated earlier approaches to horticulture. These garden transmissions—effected through the exchange of writing and images as well as direct contact between cultures—provided the tools for fruitful cross-pollination of knowledge and skills as a mode of mediation between humans and nature.

Environmental planning --- History of civilization --- landscape gardening --- cultural diffusion --- gardens [open spaces] --- tuingeschiedenis --- Europe --- Asia --- America --- Gardens --- Landscape design. --- Landscape architecture --- Jardins --- Aménagement paysager --- Architecture du paysage --- Design --- Architecture